北极航道航行争端的和平解决方式研究  

Research on Methods of Peaceful Settlement of Navigational Disputes in the Arctic Passage

作　　者：王泽林[1] WANG Zelin

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2022年第3期1-22,共22页Wuhan University International Law Review

基　　金：国家海洋局极地考察办公室极地战略研究项目(项目批准号:JDB20210201)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：国际法要求以和平方式解决北极航道的航行争端,北极理事会目前不具备解决该争端的条件。北极航道的航行争端主要发生在美国与俄罗斯、加拿大之间。美国和加拿大通过双边谈判达成临时解决西北航道航行争端的协定,而美国还曾寻求国际海事组织解决相关争端但并未成功。《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国的争端方,可适用公约的争端解决程序与方法,包括强制争端解决程序,但该程序下的争端解决机构将面临管辖权的自动排除例外与任择性例外的限制,特别是涉及“历史性所有权”的限制;此外,还面临裁判能否得到执行等问题。《联合国海洋法公约》非缔约国的争端方,在适用《联合国宪章》规定的和平解决方式时,需要考虑国际法院的强制管辖权能否适用。International law requires the use of peaceful methods to settle navigational disputes in the Arctic Passage,and the Arctic Council is currently unable to settle the disputes.The navigational disputes in the Arctic Passage mainly arose between the United States and Russia,the United States and Canada.The United States and Canada have reached an agreement to temporarily settle the navigational dispute in the Northwest Passage through bilateral negotiations.The United States has sought the International Maritime Organization to settle related disputes,but failed.Parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea can apply the dispute settlement procedures and methods of the Convention,including compulsory procedures to settle their disputes.But the dispute settlement bodies under the procedures will face the automatic exceptions and optional exceptions of jurisdiction,particularly the restriction of“historic title”,and issues such as whether the decisions can be enforced.For a party to the dispute that is not a party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,it is necessary to consider whether the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice can be applied when applying the methods of peaceful settlement stipulated in the Charter of the United Nations.

关 键 词：北极航道 联合国海洋法公约 和平解决国际争端 强制程序 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]