不同龄组杉木公益林林分空间结构与灌木物种多样性  

Spatial structure and shrub species diversity of different aged stands of Chinese fir public welfare forests

作　　者：谢政锠 曹小玉[1] 赵文菲 庞一凡 孙亚萍 李际平[1] 田静 吴树萍 XIE Zheng-chang;CAO Xiao-yu;ZHAO Wen-fei;PANG Yi-fan;SUN Ya-ping;LI Ji-ping;TIAN Jing;WU Shu-ping(College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院,长沙410004

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2022年第8期1466-1473,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：湖南省教育厅重点科学研究项目(19A518);湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2018JJ2673);中南林业科技大学人才引进项目(2016YJ075);湖南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(湘教通[2021]197号)资助。

摘　　要：以湖南省平江县福寿林场幼龄林、中龄林和近熟林3个龄组的杉木生态公益林为对象,基于18个固定样地的实测数据,研究了杉木林分中灌木物种多样性与林分空间结构之间的关系。以混交度、竞争指数、林层指数、角尺度和开敞度等5个指标来描述林分空间结构,以Simpson多样性指数、Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数等4个指标来描述灌木物种多样性,在此基础上利用灰色综合关联度法探究了不同龄组的杉木林对灌木物种多样性影响程度最大的林分空间结构因子。结果表明:(1)不同龄组杉木林的竞争指数、林层指数、角尺度、开敞度等林分空间结构指标存在显著差异(P<0.05),而混交度差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)不同龄组林分之间,灌木层Simpson多样性指数、Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数无显著性差异(P>0.05),Margalef丰富度指数差异显著(P<0.05);(3)不同龄组林分中,林分角尺度是影响杉木林林下灌木物种多样性的共同因子,竞争指数是影响杉木幼龄林和中龄林林分中灌木物种多样性的重要因子,而林分开敞度是影响杉木幼龄林和近熟林灌木物种多样性的重要因子。因此,为提高灌木物种多样性,可采用调节林木水平分布格局为主,调整林下光照条件和林木之间竞争为辅的林分空间结构优化方案。The relationship between shrub species diversity and stand spatial structure was examined in Chinese fir public welfare forests with different stand ages(young forests,middle aged forests and near matured forests) in Fushou Forest Farm of Pingjiang County,Hunan Province of China,based on the measurements of 18 permanent plots.Five indices(mingling index,competition index,stand layer index,uniform angle scale and open degree of stand) were used to describe the spatial structure of Chinese fir stands,and four indices(Simpson diversity,Shannon diversity,Pielou evenness,and Margalef richness) were employed to characterize shrub species diversity.The most important spatial structure index impacting shrub species diversity was estimated by using grey integrated connection grade method.The results showed that:(1) There were significant differences in competition index,stand layer index,uniform angle scale,and open degree of stand(P0.05).(2) There was no significant difference in Simpson diversity,Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness indices among different stands(P>0.05),but significant differences in Margalef richness index(P<0.05).(3) The uniform angle scale was a common factor affecting shrub species diversity of different aged stands.The competition index was the important factor affecting shrub species diversity in young and middle-aged forests,while open degree was the important factor affecting that in young and near matured forests.To improve species diversity of understory shrubs,the spatial structure optimization scheme could be adopted by mainly arranging the horizontal distribution of trees and complementally adjusting understory light condition and the competition among individual trees.

关 键 词：杉木 空间结构指标 多样性指数 灰色综合关联度 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]