扎龙湿地不同群落芦苇种群数量特征及其对土壤因子的响应  

The quantitative characteristics of Phragmites australis populations in different communities and their responses to soil factors in Zhalong wetland

作　　者：于保刚 焦德志[1] 王昱深 杨允菲[2] YU Bao-gang;JIAO De-zhi;WANG Yu-sheng;YANG Yun-fei(Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Preservation of Biodiversity in Cold Areas in Heilongjiang Pro-vince,College of Life Science and Agriculture,Forestry,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar 161006,Heilongjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry,Institute of Grassland Science,Northeast Normal Uni-versity,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院,抗性基因工程与寒地生物多样性保护黑龙江省重点实验室,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]东北师范大学草地科学研究所,植被生态科学教育部重点实验室,长春130024

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2022年第8期1545-1551,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目(135509130)资助。

摘　　要：为明确扎龙湿地不同群落芦苇种群数量特征及其对土壤因子的响应,进一步解析群落演替过程中植物种群动态的变化规律,采用单位面积取样法,按照群落的物种组成依次设置芦苇群落、芦苇+羊草群落和羊草+芦苇群落3个样地,比较不同群落芦苇种群密度和种群生物量,分析土壤因子与种群密度和种群生物量的相关性。结果表明:在芦苇群落、芦苇+羊草群落、羊草+芦苇群落中,芦苇种群密度分别为309~570、176~375、79~191株·m^(-2),芦苇种群生物量分别为130~4395、97~2453、32~1041 g·m^(-2),密度和生物量均以芦苇群落中最高,芦苇+羊草群落中次之,羊草+芦苇群落中最低,最高为最低的3.2~5.4倍;芦苇种群密度和生物量均呈对数函数形式的单峰型生长动态,峰值均为9月份。不同群落土壤环境具有异质性特点,芦苇种群数量特征受多种土壤因子综合作用的影响,其中土壤含水量、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾为正相关,pH和可溶性盐为负相关。不同优势种对土壤因子存在适应性的差异,芦苇种群通过调节密度和生物量扩展生态位和提高竞争力,最终引起群落结构和组分的质变,扎龙湿地处于进展演替。We investigated the quantitative characteristics of Phragmites australis populations and their responses to soil factors in different communities in Zhalong wetland,and analyzed the changes of plant population during community succession.Depending on species composition,three plots of P.australis community,P.australis+Leymus chinensis community and L.chinensis+P.australis community were selected.The density and biomass of P.australis population in different communities were compared by unit area sampling,while the correlation between soil factors and density and biomass of P.australis population was analyzed.The results showed that the density of P.australis population in P.australis community,P.australis+L.chinensis community and L.chinensis+P.australis community was 309-570,176-375,and 79-191 tillers·m^(-2),and its biomass was 130-4395,97-2453,and 32-1041 g·m^(-2),respectively.The density and biomass of P.australis population were the highest in P.australis community,intermediate in P.australis+L.chinensis community,the lowest in L.chinensis+P.australis community,with the highest being 3.2-5.4 times of the lowest.The density and biomass showed a unimodal growth dynamic in the form of logarithmic function,with the peak values all in September.The soil environment of different communities was heterogeneous.The quantitative characteristics of P.australis populations were influenced by various soil factors,being positively correlated with moisture,organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,but negatively correlated with pH and soluble salts.Different dominant species had different adaptability to soil factors.P.australis population could expand niche and improve competition ability by adjusting density and biomass,with consequences on community structure and composition.Together,those results indicate Zhalong wetland is under a progressive succession.

关 键 词：扎龙湿地 群落 芦苇种群 种群密度 种群生物量 

分 类 号：Q948.113[生物学—植物学]