生物炭与解磷菌配合施用对磷胁迫水稻苗期生长及根际磷素有效性的影响  

Effects of biochar application and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria on rice seedling growth and rhizosphere phosphorus availability under phosphorus stress

作　　者：刘赛男 杜慧婷 黄玉威[1] 兰宇 卢敬坤 王思宇 孟军[1] LIU Sai-nan;DU Hui-ting;HUANG Yu-wei;LAN Yu;LU Jing-kun;WANG Si-yu;MENG Jun(Agricultural College,Shenyang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Amelioration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室,沈阳110866

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2022年第8期1560-1569,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：现代农业技术研究体系专项资金(CARS-01-46);国家自然科学基金项目(41807101);辽宁省高等学校创新人才支持计划(Z20210119)资助。

摘　　要：土壤中的磷素缺乏严重影响水稻的生产。通过室内培养试验研究生物炭与解磷细菌(Bacillus megaterium 1.234)配合施用对磷胁迫条件下水稻苗期生长及根际磷素有效性的影响。设置6个处理,分别为木村B磷酸二氢钾培养液(CK_(1))、不溶磷源Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)培养液(CK_(2))、无磷培养液(CK_(3))、巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium 1.234)菌悬液+Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)培养液(MP)、B.megaterium 1.234菌悬液+生物炭+Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)培养液(MBP)、生物炭+Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)培养液(BP)。结果表明:生物炭与解磷菌配合施用(MBP)使培养20 d水稻苗的株高较CK_(1)、CK_(2)和CK_(3)处理分别提高了21%、35%和23%,干物质量分别提高了11%、17%和21%,植株全磷含量分别提高了179%、277%和199%;MBP处理显著提高了总根长、根系总表面积、根系总体积和根尖数;MBP处理使培养液中有效磷含量较CK_(2)提高309%,酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力分别提高444%和284%;培养液中有效磷含量是影响水稻苗根系生长最关键的环境因子,培养液碱性磷酸酶活力和有效磷含量是影响水稻苗期生长和全磷含量的关键环境因子。综上,生物炭与解磷菌配合施用对磷胁迫水稻苗生长具有显著的促生效应。Soil phosphorus deficiency seriously affects rice production.In this study,we investigated the effects of biochar application and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria(Bacillus megaterium 1.234) on rice seedling growth and phosphorus availability in rhizosphere under phosphorus stress in an indoor culture experiment.Six treatments were deployed,including Kimura B culture medium(CK_(1)),Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) culture medium(CK_(2)),no phosphorus culture medium(CK_(3)),B.megaterium 1.234+Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) culture medium(MP),B.megaterium 1.234+biochar+Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) culture medium(MBP),biochar+Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) culture medium(BP).The results showed that plant height of 20-day-old seedlings under MBP treatment was increased by 21%,35%,and 23% compared with CK_(1),CK_(2),and CK_(3),respectively.The weight of dry matter was increased by 11%,17% and 21%,respectively.Total phosphorus content of seedlings was increased by 179%,277%,and 199%,respectively.Moreover,MBP treatment significantly increased total root length,total root surface area,total root volume,and root tips.Compared with CK_(2) treatment,MBP treatment increased soil available phosphorus content by 309% and the activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase by 444% and 284%,respectively.The available phosphorus content in the culture medium was the most important environmental factor affecting the growth of rice seedling roots,alkaline phosphatase activity,and available phosphorus content in the culture medium were the key environmental factors affecting growth and total phosphorus content of rice seedling.In conclusion,the combined application of biochar and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria had significant promoting effects on the growth of rice seedlings under phosphorus deficiency.

关 键 词：根系形态 酸性磷酸酶 碱性磷酸酶 水稻磷吸收 微生物肥料 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]