北京市某大型农贸市场灭鼠毒饵筛选及灭鼠效果评价  

Palatability and deratization effectiveness evaluation of rodent baits in a large farmers’market in Beijing,China

作　　者：郭郁[1] 武庆锐[1] 刘美德[2] 刘园 闫帅 李若曦[1] GUO Yu;WU Qing-rui;LIU Mei-de;LIU Yuan;YAN Shuai;LI Ruo-xi(Institute for Disinfection and Vector Control,Fengtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100070,China;Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心消毒与病媒生物防制科,北京100070 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2022年第4期521-524,535,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的现场评价灭鼠毒饵适口性和灭鼠效果,降低北京市某大型农贸市场鼠密度和鼠害。方法采用鼠迹法和夹夜法,于2021年5月对该市场灭鼠前后鼠密度和种群分布状况进行监测与调查。现场对4种溴敌隆毒饵适口性开展比对调查,通过秩和检验对毒饵适口性差异进行分析,选择最优的毒饵灭鼠。结果灭鼠前农贸市场鼠的阳性侵害率平均值为32.6%,捕获率为25.3%,鼠密度较高的场所为垃圾周转区、干果交易区和粮油禽蛋区,捕获率分别为69.0%、43.0%和30.0%。鼠对2、3号毒饵(0.5%溴敌隆母液与不同比例玉米粒、生花生米、红薯和苹果的组合配方)的摄食量高于1(0.5%溴敌隆母液、玉米粒和生花生米配方)和4号(商品,0.005%溴敌隆颗粒毒饵),且差异有统计学意义(_(Z1,2)=-4.159,Z_(1,3)=-4.158,Z_(2,4)=-4.168,Z_(3,4)=-4.167,均P<0.001);1号与4号毒饵的摄食量比较差异亦有统计学意义(Z=-3.367,P=0.001);2号与3号毒饵的摄食量差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.110,P=0.272)。不同区域中毒饵消耗率3号毒饵优于2号。选择3号毒饵灭鼠后农贸市场鼠的捕获率明显降低,为0.9%。结论该农贸市场灭鼠前鼠密度较高,通过环境整治消除鼠类栖息场所和3号毒饵灭鼠,明显降低了该农贸市场鼠密度。提高毒饵适口性可增强灭鼠效果。Objective To evaluate the palatability and effectiveness of several rodent baits for deratization in a large farmers’market in Beijing,China.Methods The rodent density and population distribution in this market were monitored and investigated before and after deratization by using the rodent trace method and night trapping method in May 2021.An on-site investigation of the palatability of several rodent bromadiolone baits was conducted.A rank sum test was used to analyze the difference in palatability to select the best bait for deratization.Results Before deratization,the mean positive infestation rate and the capture rate of rodents were 32.6% and 25.3% in the farmers’market.The places with relatively high rodent densities included the garbage collection area,dry fruit area,and grain,oil,and eggs area,where the capture rates were 69.0%,43.0%,and 30.0%,respectively.The intakes of No.2 and No.3 baits(combination formulations of 0.5% bromadiolone mother liquor with different proportions of corn kernels,raw peanuts,sweet potatoes and apples)were significantly higher than those of No 1(combination formulations of 0.5% brodiolone mother liquor with corn kernels,raw peanuts)and No 4(commodity,0.005% bromadiolone bait pellets)(Z_(1,2)=-4.159,Z_(1,3)=-4.158,Z_(2,4)=-4.168,Z_(3,4)=-4.167,all P<0.001).There was a statistical difference in the intakes of No.1 and No.4 baits(Z=-3.367,P=0.001).No statistical difference was observed in the intakes of No.2 and No.3 baits(Z=-0.110,P=0.272).No.3 bait showed statistically better consumption rates than No.2 bait in various areas.After deratization with No.3 bait,the rodent capture rate in the farmers’market was statistically decreased to 0.9%.Conclusion The density of rodents in the farmers’market was high before deratization,and was statistically reduced after eliminating rodent habitats and deratization with the selected No.3 rodent baits.Improving the palatability of baits can enhance rodent control.

关 键 词：灭鼠 毒饵适口性 评价 效果 

分 类 号：R184.35[医药卫生—流行病学] S481.9[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]