缓释肥配施对夏玉米灌浆特性的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Slow-release Fertilizer on the Filling Characteristics of Summer Maize

作　　者：李旭铮 李援农[1] 邹奇芳 丁午阳 LI Xu-zheng;LI Yuan-nong;ZOU Qi-fang;DING Wu-yang(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第8期84-90,101,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979235)。

摘　　要：为揭示缓释肥配施对夏玉米灌浆过程的影响规律,在相同施氮量(180 kg/hm^(2))下设置缓释肥(C)与尿素(N)配施比为1∶0(C1N0)、3∶1(C3N1)、1∶1(C1N1)、1∶3(C1N3)、0∶1(C0N1),以不施氮肥(CK)为对照处理,共6个处理,研究缓释肥配施对夏玉米灌浆过程、光合性能、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明缓释肥配施可延长叶片功能期,保证夏玉米后期仍有较高的净光合速率及叶绿素含量,干物质积累及灌浆能力。缓释肥配施可促进籽粒灌浆的早启动,缩短达到最大灌浆速率时间,提高达到最大灌浆速率时的百粒重,延长灌浆活跃期,提高快增期、缓增期的持续时间及灌浆速率,进而提高百粒重。缓释肥配施条件下夏玉米产量提高的决定性产量构成因素是百粒重及行粒数,产量随缓释肥配施比例的提高呈先增加再降低趋势,配施比为3∶1(C∶N)时产量最高,较C1N0、C0N1处理分别提高16.08%、26.56%。综合分析,配施比3∶1(C∶N)在夏玉米种植中应用效果最优。In order to reveal the law of the effect of slow-release fertilizer combined application on the filling process of summer maize,under the same nitrogen application rate(180 kg/hm^(2)),the combined application ratio of slow-release fertilizer(C)and urea(N)was set as 1∶0(C1N0),3∶1(C3N1),1∶1(C1N1),1∶3(C1N3)and 0∶1(C0N1),and taking the treatment without nitrogen fertiliser(CK)as control treatment,six treatments in total,were set to study the effects of slow-release fertilizer combined application on the filling process,photosynthetic performance,dry matter accumulation and yield of summer maize.The results showed that the combined application of slow-release fertilizer could prolong the leaf functional period and ensure higher net photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation and grain filling capacity of summer maize in the later stage.The combined application of slow-release fertilizer can promote the early start of grain filling,shorten the time to reach the maximum filling rate,increase the 100 grain weight at the maximum filling rate,prolong the active filling period,increase the duration and filling rate of the rapid and slow increase period,so as to improve the 100 grain weight.Under the condition of slow-release fertilizer combined application,the decisive components for summer maize yield increase are 100 grain weight and number of grains per row.The yield increases first and then decreases with the increase of slow-release fertilizer combined application ratio.When the combined application ratio is 3∶1(C∶N),the yield is the highest,which is 16.08%and 26.56%higher than that of C1N0 and C0N1 treatment respectively.Comprehensive analysis showed that the application effect of 3∶1(C∶N)was the best in summer maize planting.

关 键 词：缓释肥与尿素配施 缓释氮肥 配施比 夏玉米 灌浆特性 光合 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]