喷灌与畦灌对拉萨河谷农田小气候和蒸散量的影响分析  

Effects of Sprinkler Irrigation and Border Irrigation on Microclimate and Evapotranspiration in Lhasa Valley

作　　者：张紫森 汤鹏程 徐冰[1,2,3] 李仙岳[1] 杨波[1,2,3] 王国帅 李泽坤[2,3] ZHANG Zi-sen;TANG Peng-cheng;XU Bing;LI Xian-yue;YANG Bo;WANG Guo-shuai;LI Ze-kun(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100038 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第8期96-101,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK020707);中国水科院科研专项(MK2020J04);西藏自治区科技计划重大专项(XZ202101ZD0003N);中国水科院科研专项“五大人才”计划(MK0145B012021)。

摘　　要：蒸散量是制定灌溉制度和反映作物生理生长状态的重要指标,为了解拉萨河谷喷灌与畦灌对农田小气候与蒸散量的影响,以拉萨市燕麦为研究对象,分别以大气温度、气压、风速、相对湿度、总辐射、反辐射、净辐射为比较序列、蒸散量为参考序列,应用灰色关联度分析法,对燕麦蒸散量与气象指标进行关联度分析;并基于回归分析量化喷灌对农田小气候和蒸散量的改变量。结果表明,畦灌条件下蒸散量与气象指标的关联度排序为:大气温度>气压>风速>相对湿度>总辐射>反辐射>净辐射;喷灌条件下排序为:气压>大气温度>反辐射>相对湿度>总辐射>净辐射>风速,综合分析气象指标的关联度排序,大气温度、气压和相对湿度为影响喷灌与畦灌蒸散量的主要指标。喷灌对比畦灌使温度降低2~4°C,相对湿度提升11%~21%,导致日间蒸散量降低0.03~0.38 mm/h。蒸散量的降低改善燕麦生长环境的同时减少耗水量、降低灌溉量,该研究结论为拉萨河谷制定喷灌灌溉制度和发展高效节水灌溉技术提供理论支撑。Evaporation is an important index for the decision of the irrigation schedule and reflection of the physiological crop growth status.In order to understand the influence of the Lhasa river valley sprinkler irrigation and border irrigation on farmland microclimate and the amount of evapotranspiration,in this paper,oat in Lhasa was taken as the research object,the atmospheric temperature,air pressure,wind speed,relative humidity,total radiation,inverse radiation,net radiation as the comparison sequence and evapotranspiration as the reference sequence,and the grey correlation degree analysis was applied to the correlation degree analysis of evapotranspiration and meteorological indicators of oat.The changes of microclimate and evapotranspiration caused by sprinkler irrigation were quantified by regression analysis.The results showed that the order of correlation between evapotranspiration and meteorological indexes under border irrigation was atmospheric temperature>air pressure>wind speed>relative humidity>total radiation>counter radiation>net radiation.That under sprinkler irrigation was atmospheric pressure>atmospheric temperature>inverse radiation>relative humidity>total radiation>net radiation>wind speed.The comprehensive analysis of the correlation degree of meteorological indexes indicated that atmospheric temperature,atmospheric pressure and relative humidity were the main indexes affecting evapotranspiration of sprinkler irrigation and furrow irrigation.Compared with border irrigation,sprinkler irrigation reduced temperature by 2-4°C and relative humidity by 11-21%,resulting in a decrease of daily evapotranspiration by 0.03-0.38 mm/h.The decrease of evapotranspiration can improve the growth environment of oat and reduce water consumption and irrigation volume.This study provides scientific support for the establishment of sprinkler irrigation system and the development of efficient water-saving irrigation technology in Lhasa Valley.

关 键 词：拉萨河谷 喷灌农田小气候 畦灌 蒸散量 燕麦 

分 类 号：S275.5[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512.6[农业科学—农业工程]