肥料穴施位点对苹果细根生长、^(15)N吸收利用及产量品质的影响  

Effects of Fertilizer Hole Application Sites on Fine Root Growth,^(15)N Absorption and Utilization,Yield and Quality of Apple Trees

作　　者：刘照霞 张鑫 王璐 马玉婷 陈倩[1] 朱占玲[1] 葛顺峰[1] 姜远茂[1] LIU Zhaoxia;ZHANG Xin;WANG Lu;MA Yuting;CHEN Qian;ZHU Zhanling;GE Shunfeng;JIANG Yuanmao(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《园艺学报》2022年第7期1545-1556,共12页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-27);国家重点研发计划“科技助力经济2020”重点专项(2020YFF0426464);山东省泰山学者工程专项(TSPD20181206);心连心氮肥高效利用创新平台开放课题。

摘　　要：为了明确苹果生产中合理的施肥位点,实现氮肥高效利用,于2018年和2019年,以6年生‘烟富3’/SH6/八棱海棠为试材,采用^(15)N同位素标记技术,研究了根区有机无机肥料穴施位点[未施有机肥(对照)、条状沟施、1~4个穴施肥]对矮化中间砧苹果树根系生长、^(15)N吸收利用和损失状况及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明:各增施有机肥处理中,叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积以及细根总干质量均以3穴和4穴施肥处理最高,条状沟施处理最低。果实成熟期,3穴和4穴施肥处理相较于条状沟施处理显著提高了树体叶片、细根、粗根和果实的Ndff值。树体^(15)N利用率表现为3穴>4穴>2穴>1穴>条状沟施>对照。^(15)N损失率与^(15)N利用率表现出相反趋势,以3穴和4穴施肥处理较低。与未施有机肥对照和条状沟施相比,3穴和4穴施肥处理的产量、单果质量和可溶性糖含量均显著提高。可见,在有机肥用量(5 kg)一定的条件下,无机肥配施3穴和4穴处理促进了树体细根的生长,有利于提高树体对^(15)N的吸收,减少氮素损失,对提高果实产量和品质也产生了积极影响。In order to clarify the reasonable fertilizer application site in apple production,realize the efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer.In 2018 and 2019,we studied the effects of hole application sites of organic and inorganic fertilizers in root zone(control without organic fertilizer application,strip furrow application and 1-4 hole application)on the root growth,^(15)N uptake,utilization and loss,and fruit yield and quality of the 6-year-old‘Yanfu 3’/SH6/Malus robusta by using ^(15)N isotope labeling technology.The results showed that among the treatments with increasing organic fertilizer,the chlorophyll content,leaf area and total dry weight of fine roots were the hightest in 3 and 4 hole fertilization treatments,and the lowest in strip furrow fertilization treatments.In the fruit ripening period,the Ndff values of leaves,fine roots,large roots and fruits were significantly increased by 3 and 4 hole fertilization compared with strip furrow fertilization.The utilization rate of ^(15)N in trees was 3 holes>4 holes>2 holes>1 hole>strip furrow>control.The loss rate of ^(15)N showed an opposite trend to the utilization rate of ^(15)N,fertilization in 3 and 4 holes was lower.Compared with the control and strip furrow fertilization treatments,the fruit yield,fruit weight and soluble sugar content of 3 and 4 hole fertilization treatments were significantly increased.It can be seen that under a certain condition of the amount of organic fertilizer(5 kg)combined with inorganic fertilizer,3 and 4 hole fertilization promoted the growth of fine roots,improved the uptake of ^(15)N by trees,reduced nitrogen loss,and also had a positive effect on improving fruit yield and quality.

关 键 词：苹果 肥料 穴施位点 细根 ^(15)N利用率 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]