急诊科就诊患者钠代谢紊乱与季节及气象参数的关系  

Relationship between dysnatremias in emergency department patients and seasonal and meteorological parameters

作　　者：张孟繁 梁璐[1] 李露茜 路潇 王盼[1] 杨伟红[1] ZHANG Meng-fan;LIANG Lu;LI Lu-xi;LU Xiao;WANG Pan;YANG Wei-hong(Emergency Department,Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University,Baoding Hebei,071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学附属医院急诊科,河北保定071000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第14期1948-1951,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项基金资助(2017FY101200)。

摘　　要：目的 了解急诊科就诊患者钠代谢紊乱与季节及气象参数的关系。方法 收集 2018 年 1 月 1 日―2020 年 12 月 31 日于河北大学附属医院急诊科就医时测量血钠和血肌酐的所有成年患者的数据,对成年和老年患者钠代谢紊乱的季节性患病率及气温、相对湿度与月患病率的相关关系进行分析。结果 成年组和老年组低钠血症的发生率在秋季最高(13.14%和21.90%),且老年组高于成年组(均 P<0.05);老年各季节低钠血症组血钠值明显低于成年组(均 P<0.05);成年组重度低钠血症月患病率与月平均气温存在线性相关(R=0.158,P<0.05)。成年和老年组高钠血症的发生率在冬季最高(3.25%和 2.76%);两组中重度高钠血症的患病率在各季节差异无统计学意义(均 P>0.05),但都以冬季患病率最高;除春季外,老年各季节高钠血症组血钠值高于成年组(均 P<0.05);老年组中重度高钠血症的发生率与月平均气温及相对湿度存在线性相关(R=0.112、0.125,均 P<0.05)。结论 年龄、季节、气温及相对湿度等因素对急诊科钠代谢紊乱的患病率有影响。Objective To understand the relationship between dysnatremias in emergency department patients and seasonal and meteorological parameters. Methods The data of all adult patients who were measured for the blood sodium and creatinine in the Emergency Department of Hospital Affiliated to Hebei University from January 1,2018 to December 31,2020 were collected. The seasonal prevalence of dysnatremias in adult and elderly patients,as well as the correlation between temperature,relative humidity and monthly prevalence were analyzed. Results The incidence of hyponatremia in the adult group and the elderly group was the highest in autumn(13.14% and 21.90%),and the rates in elderly group were significantly higher than those in the adult group(all P<0.05). The serum sodium value of the elderly hyponatremia group was significantly lower than that of the adult group in different seasons(all P<0.05). The monthly prevalence of severe hyponatremia in the adult group was linearly correlated with the monthly mean temperature(R~2=0.158,P<0.05). The incidence of hypernatremia in adult and elderly groups was the highest in winter(3.25% and 2.76%). There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of moderate and severe hyperna-tremia in the two groups among seasons(all P>0.05),but the prevalence rates were the highest in winter. Except for spring,the blood sodium values of the hypernatremia group in the elderly were higher than those in the adult group in the other three seasons(all P<0.05). The incidence of moderate and severe hypernatremia in the elderly group was linearly correlated with monthly mean tem-perature and relative humidity(R~2=0.112,0.125,both P<0.05). Conclusion Age,season,temperature and relative humidity have influence on the prevalence of dysnatremias in emergency department.

关 键 词：低钠血症 高钠血症 季节 气象参数 老年 

分 类 号：R181.34[医药卫生—流行病学]