2011—2020年湘潭市新报告尘肺病发病特征及变化趋势  

Characteristics and trend of newly reported pneumoconiosis cases in Xiangtan City from 2011-2020

作　　者：刘晓[1] 曹峰[1] 刘涓 张花玲[1] LIU Xiao;CAO Feng;LIU Juan;ZHANG Hua-ling(Occupational Health Monitoring Department,Xiangtan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xiangtan Hunan,411100,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生监测科,湖南湘潭411100

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第14期1992-1994,1998,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的 了解2011—2020年湘潭市新报告尘肺病的发病情况,探讨尘肺病发病趋势和特征,为制定尘肺病防治策略提供数据支持和科学决策依据。方法 采用Excel对2011—2020年湘潭市新报告尘肺病例的病种、发病年龄和接尘工龄等基本信息进行汇总,运用统计软件SPSS 25.0对收集的信息进行统计学分析。结果 2011—2020年湘潭市新报告尘肺病1 131例,尘肺病例数总体呈下降趋势;主要病种为煤工尘肺和矽肺,占新报告病例总数的71.26%(806例)和26.88%(304例);壹期尘肺844例,占74.62%;平均诊断年龄为(53.8±9.4)岁,平均接尘工龄为(14.0±8.2)年。不同种类尘肺平均接尘工龄、诊断年龄差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),尘肺不同工种之间平均接尘工龄、诊断年龄差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 不同病种和工种的尘肺分布和发病特征存在差异,应加强重点行业、重点岗位、重点人群的职业病防治工作,构建湘潭市尘肺病监测预警系统。Objective To understand the incidence of newly reported pneumoconiosis cases in Xiangtan City from 2011-2020,explore the trend and characteristics of pneumoconiosis,and provide data support and scientific decision basis for the formulation of pneumoconiosis prevention and control policies. Methods The basic information of the newly reported pneumoconiosis cases in Xiangtan City from 2011-2020,such as disease type,age of onset and length of service exposed to dust,were summarized by software Excel,and the statistical software SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the collected information. Results There were 1 131newly reported pneumoconiosis cases in Xiangtan City from 2011-2020,and the number of pneumoconiosis cases showed a downward trend. The main diseases reported were coal pneumoconiosis and silicosis,accounted for 71.26%(806 cases) and 26.88%(304 cases) of the total number of newly reported cases. There were 844 cases of stage Ⅰpneumoconiosis,accounting for 74.62%. The average age at diagnosis was(53.8±9.4)years old,and the average length of service exposed to dust was(14.0±8.2)years.There were statistically significant differences in the average length of service exposed to dust and the age at diagnosis among different types of pneumoconiosis(all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the average length of service exposed to dust and the age at diagnosis among pneumoconiosis cases in different types of work(all P<0.05). Conclusion There are differences in the distribution and characteristics of pneumoconiosis cases in different types of diseases and different types of work,and it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases in the key industries,key posts and key people,and construct the monitoring and early warning system of pneumoconiosis in Xiangtan City.

关 键 词：尘肺 煤工尘肺 湘潭市 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]