我国小麦条锈病历次大流行的历史回顾与对策建议  

Historical review and countermeasures of wheat stripe rust epidemics in China

作　　者：刘万才[1] 王保通[2] 赵中华[1] 李跃 康振生[2] Liu Wancai;Wang Baotong;Zhao Zhonghua;Li Yue;Kang Zhensheng(National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Cen ter/National Agricultural Technology Integrated Innovation Center,Beijing 100125,China;College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]全国农业技术推广服务中心/国家农业技术集成创新中心,北京100125 [2]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2022年第6期21-27,41,共8页China Plant Protection

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1401005)。

摘　　要：小麦条锈病流行频率高、发病范围广、为害损失重,是我国农业生产中最为严重的病害之一。笔者通过系统总结回顾1950年以来我国小麦条锈病大流行历史,分析病害流行的特点及造成的危害损失,指出病害流行对于农业生产和国家粮食安全仍构成严重威胁。从宏观角度分析认为毒性小种发展为优势小种、小麦主栽品种抗性丧失、气候条件适宜、预防控制措施落实不够、菌源充足等是造成病害流行的主要原因。结合防治实际,建议加强条锈菌生理小种变异监测,提高抗病育种前瞻性;加强病害监测预警,及时掌握全区域的发病信息;落实关键防治技术,提高防控效果;构建联防联控机制和防控技术体系,实施小麦条锈病大范围跨区域全周期防控。Wheat stripe rust is one of the most harmful diseases in agricultural production in China due to its high frequency of prevalence, wide range of incidence, and severe damage and losses it has caused. The author systematically reviewed the eight epidemics of wheat stripe rust in China since 1950, analyzed the characteristics of the epidemic and the damage it caused, and pointed out that the epidemic still poses a serious threat to agricultural production and national food security. From a macro perspective, it is believed that the development of virulent races into dominant races, the loss of resistance of the main cultivars, suitable climate conditions, insufficient implementation of prevention and control measures, and sufficient bacterial sources are the main reasons for the epidemic of the disease. Taking these reasons and the prevention and control practice into account, we put forward the suggestions for further strengthening the research and management. First of all, we should strengthen disease monitoring and early warning to gather the disease information to support prevention and control actions at the regional level. Secondly, we should implement key prevention and control technologies, and improve the disease control capability. Thirdly, it is fundamental to improve the prevention and control system and build a joint mechanism, implement a large-scale, cross-region, and full-cycle prevention and control of wheat stripe rust. Lastly, we also should strengthen the monitoring of the variation of virulent races of stripe rust pathogen, pay close attention to the changing dynamics of races, guide disease-resistant cultivar breeding in advance, and improve rustresistant and disease-resistant breeding capabilities.

关 键 词：小麦条锈病 大流行 历史回顾 原因分析 治理对策 

分 类 号：S435.121.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]