中国环境政策40年历史演进及启示  

Historical evolution and enlightenment of environmental policies in past 40 years of China

作　　者：罗理恒 张希栋[1] 曹超 LUO Liheng;ZHANG Xidong;CAO Chao(Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020,China;Postdoctoral Workstation of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission,Beijing 100033,China;Postdoctoral Research Station of School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100033,China)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院生态与可持续发展研究所,上海200020 [2]中国银保监会博士后工作站,北京100033 [3]清华大学经济管理学院博士后流动站,北京100033

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2022年第4期34-38,共5页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学青年项目(2021EJB008);上海社会科学院院重大项目(2021ZD021)。

摘　　要：文章系统梳理了1978年以来我国环境保护法制建设的历史经验和环境规制工具的历史实践。从“环境保护”入宪到“生态文明”入宪,我国已经形成较完整的环境保护法律体系;从“单一手段治理”到“多元手段共治”,我国环境治理呈现出命令控制型和市场激励型等多元化规制工具协同发展的治理机制。但我国环境保护制度体系在生态环境领域的立法与修订、环境治理能力的现代化和环境保护制度的优化建设等方面仍然存在较大完善空间。据此,文章从环境保护法律体系、环境管理和环境治理体系、环境保护财政制度三个维度提出我国环境保护制度体系深化改革的建议。This paper systematically reviews the historical experience of the legal construction of environmental protection in China and the historical practice of environmental regulation tools since 1978.From"environmental protection"into the Constitution to"ecological civilization"into the Constitution,China has formed a relatively complete legal system for the environmental protection.From"single means of governance"to"multiple means of co-governance",the environmental governance in China presents a governance mechanism of coordinated development of multiple regulatory tools such as command-and-control and market-incentive.However,there is still the improvement space in the legislation and revision of ecological environment,modernization of environmental governance capacity,and optimization and construction of environmental protection system.Thus,this paper proposes some suggestions on deepening the reform of environmental protection system in China from environmental protection legal system,environmental management and governance system as well as environmental protection financial system.

关 键 词：中国环境政策 环境保护法制建设 环境规制工具 历史演进 

分 类 号：X01[环境科学与工程]