赤水河流域水质演变特征及污染源识别  

Water quality evolution characteristics and pollution source identification in Chishui River Basin

作　　者：周玮[1] 高渐飞 王苑[1] ZHOU Wei;GAO Jianfei;WANG Yuan(Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College,Guiyang 550008,China;Guizhou Institute of Mountainous Resources,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州工业职业技术学院,贵州贵阳550008 [2]贵州省山地资源研究所,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2022年第4期74-78,共5页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：贵州省教育厅职业教育科研项目(GZZJ-Y2021037);贵州省基金项目(黔科合LH[2014]7398);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400708)。

摘　　要：为了解赤水河流域水污染及时空变化状况,基于2008~2017年干流上、中、下游3个长期监测断面逐月水质数据,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、Mann-Kendall检验法和Person相关系数法对其水质的时空演变特征及其主要污染源进行了分析。结果表明,2008~2017年赤水河上、中、下游水质以Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类为主,水质综合污染指数波动较剧烈,其中2008~2011年整体水质持续恶化,2012年进入相对平稳好转期,但时有再逆变情况。7月综合污染指数最高,11月至次年3月水质状况较好。水质沿程逐渐变差,至中游(茅台站)受白酒工业和城镇化影响,NH_(3)-N污染指数大幅上升,COD_(Mn)污染指数也升高;到下游,COD_(Mn)和NH_(3)-N污染指数持续升高。不同流域尺度下水质的主要污染源存在异同,白酒工业和城镇化对水环境影响显著。In order to understand the water pollution situation and its temporal and spatial variation of Chishui River Basin,based on the monthly monitoring water quality data of the downstream,midstream and upstream hydrological station from 2008 to 2017,the spatiotemporal characteristics and main pollution sources of water quality in Chishui River Basin were analyzed.Single factor evaluation method,comprehensive pollution index method,Mann Kendall test method and person correlation coefficient method were used.The results showed that from 2008 to 2017,the water quality in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Chishui River was mainly class I and II,and the comprehensive pollution index of water quality fluctuated violently.The overall water quality continued to deteriorate in 2008~2011 and entered into a relatively stable improvement period in 2012.However,the water quality got worse sometimes.The comprehensive pollution index was the highest in July,and the water quality was good from November to March of the next year.Water quality was gradually deteriorated along the way.The middle reaches(Moutai station),influenced by the liquor-making industry and urbanization,the NH_(3)-N pollution index increased significantly,and the COD_(Mn)pollution index also increased.For the lower reaches,COD_(Mn)and NH_(3)-N pollution indexes continued to rise.There were similarities and differences among the main pollution sources in different watershed scales,but the influences of the liquor-making industry and urbanization on the water environment were significant.

关 键 词：赤水河流域 水质 综合污染指数法 污染源 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]