数字时代政府机关处理个人信息告知义务制度的公法建构  

The Jus Publicum Construction of Government Agencies' Obligations to Disclose When Handling Personal Information in the Digital Age

作　　者：喻文光[1,2] 郑子璇 Yu Wenguang;Zheng Zixuan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学未来法治研究院

出　　处：《人权》2022年第3期1-20,共20页Human Rights

摘　　要：在数字政府的建设中,个人信息保护具有极其重要的地位。告知义务是政府机关处理个人信息应履行的前提性核心义务,它既是个人信息自决权的具体表达,也是个人信息受保护权发挥基本权利防御功能的前提,同时还是制约政府信息权力和预防侵权风险的程序工具。由于个人信息处理规则本身以及告知义务均具有公法属性,政府机关处理个人信息活动亦具有公法性质,尤其是告知义务具有的宪法价值和控权功能,对于告知义务的制度建构不能完全照搬适用于私法主体的规则,而应当针对政府机关处理个人信息活动的公法特性,克服目前粗疏零散的立法弊端,从法律主体、程序、内容、违法后果及法律救济等方面进行体系化的公法建构。In the construction of digital government,the protection of personal information plays an extremely important role.The duty to inform is a prerequisite core obligation that the government should fulfill in processing personal information,a concrete expression of the right to self-determination of personal information,and a prerequisite for the right to protection of personal information that works as a fundamental right to defense the intrusion from the government,as well as a procedural regulatory tool to restrain the government's information power and prevent the risk of infringement.As the rules on the processing of personal information and the duty to inform have both the nature of public law,the government's processing of personal information is also public law in nature especially because of the constitutional value and power-control function of the duty to inform,the system construction of the duty to inform cannot be copied from the rules applicable to private subjects,but should be tailored to the public law characteristics of the government's processing of personal information,overcoming the shortcomings of the current rough and fragmented legislation,and set up a systematic regulation based on the public law in term of the legal subject,procedure,content,consequences of obligation violations and legal protection.

关 键 词：个人信息保护 政府机关处理个人信息行为 告知义务 理论基础 制度建构 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]