企业人权政策的实践趋势和理论意义——以《财富》世界500强为样本  

Practical Trend and Theoretical Significance of Enterprises' Human Rights Policies-Taking Fortune Global 500 as a Sample

作　　者：梁晓晖[1] 傅兰珂 Liang Xiaohui;Fu Lanke

机构地区：[1]中国纺织信息中心 [2]上海交通大学法学院

出　　处：《人权》2022年第3期141-171,共31页Human Rights

摘　　要：联合国《工商企业与人权指导原则》就企业履行尊重人权的责任提出了制定人权政策的要求,并明确了内容和形式上的标准。通过研究2021年《财富》世界500强企业已经制定的人权政策,可以发现企业人权政策体现出明显的实践趋势和强烈的现实和理论意义。从实践角度而言,国际人权标准被广泛适用于企业人权政策,正成为一种包含了制定与实施机制的普遍性企业实践,而来自不同国家、行业的企业在适用国际人权标准时也存在较为明显的区别。同时,这些企业人权政策实践趋势揭示了重要的理论意义:人权标准的私体化趋势突破了传统国际人权法的“公法”理论基础,包括国际指南、行业规范在内的社会规范正向“硬法”靠拢,而他国国内的企业人权责任相关立法的实施效果则超越了国界,昭示了一国法律意志在域外延伸的可能性。虽然企业人权政策或已成为国际工商业的习惯规则,但其应用过程仍然有许多局限与挑战,也可能对相关实践趋势和理论影响构成限制。希望中国政府和企业能够重视企业人权政策的意义,提高对政策的理解和运用,以推动全球人权治理朝着更加公平公正合理包容的方向发展。In terms of fulfillment of the corporate responsibility to respect human rights,the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights set out requirements for the formulation of human rights policies and specify criteria for content and form.By examining the human rights policies of Fortune Global 500 companies in 2021,a clear practical trend,strong practical significance and theoretical influence on corporate human rights policies can be identified From a practical perspective,the widespread application of international human rights norms to corporate human rights policies is becoming a universal corporate practice that incorporates both formulation and implementation mechanisms,and there are obvious differences in the application of international human rights norms by companies from different countries and industries Meanwhile,these trends in corporate human rights policy practice reveal very important theoretical influence:The trend toward the privatization of human rights norms is breaking away from the traditional‘public law'theoretical basis of international human rights law;social norms,including international guidelines and industry norms,are moving towards‘hard law';the effect of domestic legislation on corporate human rights responsibility in other countries transcends national borders and suggests new theoretical possibilities for the extraterritorial extension of a country's legal will.On the other hand,while corporate human rights policies may have become customary rules for international business,there are still many limitations and challenges to their application,which may also pose limitations to relevant practical trends and theoretical influence.In the final chapter of this paper,recommendations are made in the hope that the Chinese government and companies will pay attention to the significance of corporate human rights policies and improve their understanding and application of the policies to promote global human rights governance in a more equitable,just,reasonable and inclu

关 键 词：工商业与人权 世界500强 企业人权政策 指导原则 国际人权法 

分 类 号：F279.1[经济管理—企业管理] D815.7[经济管理—国民经济]