“多轨制”养老金与家庭消费相对剥夺  

“Multi-Track” Pension Insurances and Relative Deprivation of Household Consumption

作　　者：李晓飞 臧旭恒[1,2] Li Xiaofei;Zang Xuheng(School of Economics,Shandong University;School of Economics,Shandong Normal University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院,250100 [2]山东师范大学经济学院,250358

出　　处：《经济评论》2022年第4期130-147,共18页Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国家庭经济风险测度、成因及外溢性研究”(项目编号:21&ZD088);国家社会科学基金青年项目“预期不确定性影响家庭异质性消费行为的机理与政策优化研究”(项目编号:20CJL034)的资助。

摘　　要：我国“多轨制”养老金与消费不平等特征共存。本文利用中国家庭金融调查2013年、2015年和2017年面板数据实证分析“多轨制”养老金对家庭消费相对剥夺的影响。研究发现,“多轨制”养老金不平衡显著加剧了家庭消费相对剥夺。影响机制为:不同养老保险制度降低家庭收入相对剥夺的程度存在较大差异,进而加剧了家庭消费相对剥夺。这种影响在食品、生活用品及服务和医疗保健等消费类型上更显著。异质性分析表明,“多轨制”养老金对女性户主、养老金依赖度高、农村和中西部地区的家庭消费相对剥夺影响更大。扩展分析结果显示,“多轨制”养老金通过预期效应加剧了未退休家庭的消费相对剥夺,养老金制度并轨改革通过调节效应减弱了未退休家庭的预期效应。因此,应加快健全覆盖全民、统筹城乡、公平统一的多层次社会养老保障体系。The characteristics of “multi-track” pension and consumption inequality occurred together in China. This paper used CHFS panel data in 2013, 2015 and 2017 to conduct an empirical analysis on the impact of “multi-track” pension on relative deprivation of household consumption. We found that the pension imbalance caused by the “multi-track” systems had significantly expanded relative deprivation of household consumption. The impact mechanism was that different pension systems had great differences in reducing the relative deprivation of household income, which exacerbated the relative deprivation of household consumption. And the impact was more significant in consumption types such as food, daily necessities, services and medical care. The heterogeneity analysis showed that the “multi-track” pension had a greater impact on the relative deprivation of household consumption which headed by women, people who were highly dependent on pensions, people who were in rural, central and western regions. Extended analysis showed that, the “multi-track” pension exacerbated the relative deprivation of consumption of non-retirement households through the expected effect. The reform of pension system integration weakened the expected effect of non-retirement households through the adjustment effect. Therefore, it was necessary to accelerate the improvement of a multi-level social old-age security system that covered the whole people, coordinated urban and rural areas, and was fair and unified.

关 键 词：“多轨制”养老金 养老金不平衡 消费不平等 消费相对剥夺 

分 类 号：F840.67[经济管理—保险] F063.2