植被去除对侵蚀环境土壤有机质和养分的影响  

Effects of Vegetation Removal on Soil Organic Matter and Nutrients in an Erosive Environment

作　　者：陈春良 鲍凯强 王梦莹 郑柯 邱莉萍[2] 魏孝荣[2] CHEN Chunliang;BAO Kaiqiang;WANG Mengying;ZHENG Ke;QIU Liping;WEI Xiaorong(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Hancheng Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hancheng,Shaanxi 715400,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]韩城市农业技术推广中心,陕西韩城715400

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2022年第5期131-136,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB40020300);国家自然科学基金(41622105);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划(QYZDB-SSW-DQC039);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0500704)。

摘　　要：为探究侵蚀环境下植被对土壤性质的影响机制,在陕北黄土高原选择了3个小流域,在坡面和与之对应的沉积区布设2年的植被去除试验,分析了植被去除后侵蚀区和沉积区土壤有机质和养分的分布特征。结果表明:(1)土壤侵蚀-沉积作用显著影响土壤养分的分布,沉积区0-60 cm土层硝态氮、铵态氮、全磷和速效钾含量分别比侵蚀区高75.3%,25.1%,11.8%和27.0%。(2)植被对土壤有机质和养分的影响存在明显的地形差异。植被去除2年后,0-10 cm土层土壤有机质、铵态氮和速效钾含量在侵蚀区降低了1.75 g/kg,0.97 mg/kg,35.85 mg/kg,在沉积区降低了7.61 g/kg,1.47 mg/kg,90.74 mg/kg,硝态氮含量在侵蚀区增加了0.60 mg/kg,在沉积区降低了2.33 mg/kg。(3)植被去除后,沉积区土壤各指标间存在显著相关关系,而侵蚀区这种相互关系较弱。这些结果表明:植被去除对沉积区土壤有机质、速效钾的影响较大,对侵蚀区硝态氮、铵态氮的影响较大。研究结果加强了对侵蚀-沉积过程中土壤-植被相互作用的认识,为水土流失区土壤质量提升提供科学依据。To explore the effects of vegetation on soil properties under erosion environment,we selected three sub-watersheds to conduct a vegetation removal experiment for two years in northern Shaanxi of the Loess Plateau.Soil organic matter and nutrients in the eroding and corresponding deposition sites in plots with and without vegetation were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)soil erosion and deposition significantly affected soil organic matter and nutrient contents.;compared with the erosion sites,soil nitrate,ammonium,total phosphorus and available potassium in the 0-20 cm depth in the deposition sites increased by 75.3%,25.1%,11.8%and 27.0%,respectively;(2)the effects of vegetation varied significantly between eroding and deposition sites;after two years vegetation removal,contents of soil organic matter,ammonium and available potassium in the 0-10 cm depth decreased by 1.75 g/kg,0.97 mg/kg and 35.85 mg/kg in the eroding sites,and decreased by 7.61 g/kg,1.47 mg/kg and 90.74 mg/kg in the deposition sites,respectively;soil nitrate increased by 0.60 mg/kg and 2.33 mg/kg in the eroding and deposition sites,respectively;(3)after two years experiment,we had observed the significant correlations among changes of soil nutrients in the deposition sites,but a relatively weaker correlations in the eroding sites.These results showed that vegetation removal had greater effects on soil organic matter and available potassium in the deposition sites,and greater effects on nitrogen and ammonium in the eroding sites.These results can enhance the understanding regarding to soil and vegetation interaction in the erosive environments,and provide a scientific basis for the improvement of soil quality in soil and water loss areas.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 地形条件 植被去除 水蚀风蚀交错区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]