煤气化渣特性分析及资源化利用研究进展  

Research progress on characteristic analysis and resource utilization of coal gasification slag

作　　者：范宁 张逸群 樊盼盼 樊晓婷 王婕 王建成[2] 董连平[3] 樊民强[3] 鲍卫仁[2] FAN Ning;ZHANG Yiqun;FAN Panpan;FAN Xiaoting;WANG Jie;WANG Jiancheng;DONG Lianping;FAN Minqiang;BAO Weiren(Shanxi Coal Import and Export Group Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan030006,China;State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan030024,China;College of Mining Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan030024,China)

机构地区：[1]山西煤炭进出口集团有限公司,山西太原030006 [2]太原理工大学省部共建煤基能源清洁高效利用国家重点实验室,山西太原030024 [3]太原理工大学矿业工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2022年第8期145-154,共10页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1904300);省部共建煤炭高效利用与绿色化工国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目(2021-K81);山西省应用基础研究计划资助项目(201901D211040)。

摘　　要：我国能源结构特点为富煤、贫油、少气,煤化工行业发展充满机遇和挑战。煤气化技术是现代煤化工的前端支柱,是实现煤炭清洁、高效、绿色、低碳利用的有效途径,具有重要的国家战略意义。煤气化技术规模化应用产生的大量固体废弃物(煤气化渣)的处置,是煤化工基地当前迫切需要解决的问题。分别从国内具代表性煤化工基地的气化灰渣粒度组成、矿物构成、微观形貌、表面性质和持水特性等理化性质入手,对比分析不同炉型、产地、气化工艺等条件下的灰渣特点。灰渣物性特点的差异化与气化工艺、炉型、煤种等因素均相关。灰渣主要组分为硅铝矿物等,其中粗渣粒度普遍偏大;细渣残炭质量分数一般在20%左右,且其表面含氧官能团丰富。此外,细渣因其孔隙率高,含水率较高。基于气化灰渣理化性质,系统归纳了目前报道的气化灰渣提质方法,提出炭-灰分离是实现气化灰渣减量化与资源化利用的重要前提。从高效回收微细粒矿物角度考虑,浮选是最合适的炭-灰分离方法,但由于残炭发达的孔隙结构与含氧亲水性基团的存在导致可浮性差,目前生产成本较高;从降低生产成本、提高处理量角度考虑,重力分选方法是首选,但存在分选下限高的问题;而磁力分选则对铁磁性矿物含量高的灰渣更具有针对性,不具有普遍适用性。综上分选分离方法特点,研制规模化分选设备、研发新型高效浮选药剂与浮选方法及开发高效低耗的气化灰渣分级分选的联合分选工艺是后续炭-灰分离领域的研究重点。此外,系统总结了气化灰渣资源化利用研究进展。建工建材等应用领域可实现气化灰渣的规模化消纳,是提高固废综合利用率的首要利用方向,但需进一步研究气化灰渣干燥脱水、重金属析出等后续问题;生态修复、锅炉掺烧、碳材料制备、吸附/催化剂制备等领域可�In China,the energy structure is characterized by rich coal,poor oil and less gas,and the development of coal chemical industry is full of opportunities and challenges.Coal gasification technology is the front-end process of modern coal chemical industry.It is an effective way to realize clean,efficient,green and low-carbon utilization of coal,and has important national strategic significance.However,the disposal of a large amount of solid waste(coal gasification slag)produced by the large-scale application of coal gasification technology is a pain point that coal chemical bases urgently need to solve.Starting from the particle size composition,mineral composition,micro morphology,surface properties,water holding properties and other physical and chemical properties of gasification ash of representative coal chemical industry bases in China,the characteristics of ash under different furnace types,different places of origin,different gasification processes and other conditions were compared,analyzed and summarized.The difference of physical properties of ash and slag is related to gasification process,furnace type,coal type and other factors.The main components of ash are silicon and aluminum minerals.The particle size of coarse slag is generally too large.The residual carbon content of fine slag is generally about 20%,and its surface is rich in oxygen-containing functional groups.In addition,the water content of fine slag is high due to its high porosity.Based on the physical and chemical properties of gasification ash,the reported methods for improving the quality of gasification slag were systematically summarized.It is proposed that carbon-ash separation is an important prerequisite for realizing the reduction and resource utilization of gasification slag.From the perspective of efficient recovery of micro fine minerals,flotation is the most suitable carbon-ash separation method.However,due to the developed pore structure of carbon residue and the existence of oxygen-containing hydrophilic groups,the floatabil

关 键 词：固体废弃物 煤气化渣 浮选 重力分选 资源化利用 

分 类 号：TQ53[化学工程—煤化学工程]