新疆生产建设兵团畜禽粪便耕地负荷及土地承载力研究  

Livestock Manure Production and Land Carrying Capacity in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

作　　者：郜兴亮 刘福元[1] 翟中葳 杨井泉[1] 毋婷[3] 张文涛 GAO Xingliang;LIU Fuyuan;ZHAI Zhongwei;YANG Jingquan;WU Ting;ZHANG Wentao(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang;Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;Station of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Urumqi Xinjiang 830000)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院畜牧兽医研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [3]新疆生产建设兵团畜牧兽医总站,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2022年第7期70-74,93,共6页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2021DB014);兵团重点领域科技攻关计划(2019AB028);八师石河子市财政科技计划项目(2020NY02)。

摘　　要：基于新疆生产建设兵团畜牧业和种植业统计数据,对主要畜禽的饲养期、粪便排泄系数以及主要农作物生长氮、磷需要量进行畜禽粪污土地承载力分析,为畜禽粪污资源化利用提供参考。结果表明:2019年兵团畜禽粪便排放量达到了1920.598×10^(4)t,猪>奶牛>羊>肉牛>家禽>马驴>兔;耕地畜禽粪便负荷13.872 t/hm^(2);畜禽粪便平均N素负荷70.574×10^(-3)t/hm^(2),畜禽养殖N素排泄总量达到了9.771×10^(4)t;畜禽粪便平均P素负荷17.725×10^(-3)t/hm^(2),畜禽养殖P素排泄总量达到2.454×10^(4)t(折合成P_(2)O_(5)为5.62×10^(4)t)。2019年兵团农作物N、P需求量分别为35.398×10^(4)t、9.164×10^(4)t;畜禽粪便扣除流失的N、P后所能提供的N、P量分别为6.38×10^(4)t、1.718×10^(4)t;农田畜禽养殖承载以N、P计分别为2227.825×10^(4)和3570.297×10^(4)头猪当量,实际饲养量占承载量的29.872%和41.657%,承载潜力分别为60.128%和58.343%。总体来看,说明兵团发展畜牧业的空间还很大。Based on the statistics of animal husbandry and planting,as well as the analysis of previous studies,the fecal excretion coefficient of main livestock and the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus required were determined.Results showed that the emission of livestock manure of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC)was 19.2059 million tons(pigs>cows>sheep>beef cattle>poultry>horses and donkeys>rabbits)in 2019.The farmland load,the average nitrogen load,the total nitrogen excretion,the average phosphorus load and the total phosphorus excretion amount were 13.872 t/hm^(2),70.574×10^(-3)t/hm^(2),9.771×10^(4)t,17.725×10^(-3)t/hm^(2),and 2.454×10^(4)t(if converting into P_(2)O_(5),it was 5.62×10^(4)t)respectively.The N and P demand of crops in XPCC were 35.398×10^(4)t and 9.164×10^(4)t,respectively.After deducting the loss,the N and P quantities provided were 6.38×10^(4)t and 1.718×10^(4)t in livestock manure.In terms of N and P,the farmland load for pigs were 22.27825 and 35.70297 million,respectively.The actual feedstock only accounted for 29.872%and 41.657%of the bearing capacity,and the holding potentiality of land were 60.128%and 58.343%,respectively.So in general,there is still a plenty of room for developing animal husbandry in XPCC.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 农田负荷量 土地承载力 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]