工作适配在医务人员职业应激与焦虑症状关系间的中介效应分析  

The mediating role of worker-occupation fit between occupational stress and anxiety symptoms in medical staff

作　　者：孙瑞灿 吕柯瑶 丰国文 胥秋艳 兰亚佳 Sun Ruican;Lyu Keyao;Feng Guowen;Xu Qiuyan;Lan Yajia(Department of Preventive Medicine,School of Public Health,Chengdu Medical College,Chengdu 610500,China;Department of Occupational and Environmental Health,West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]成都医学院公共卫生学院预防医学系,成都610500 [2]四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院)劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,成都610041

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2022年第7期495-500,共6页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目 (82073521)。

摘　　要：目的:分析医务人员工作适配在职业应激与焦虑症状关系间的中介效应。方法:于2020年10月至2021年1月,采用便利抽样法,选取河南省1家综合医院和3家专科医院的医护人员作为研究对象实施问卷调查。共调查2 050人,有效问卷1 988份,有效回收率为97.0%(1 988/2 050)。采用《应激-焦虑-抑郁量表》《劳动者-工作环境适配量表》评价医护人员职业应激、焦虑症状及工作适配水平,采用中介效应模型分析工作适配对职业应激与焦虑症状关系的中介作用。结果:1 988名医务人员平均年龄为(32.7±7.8)岁;职业应激、焦虑症状阳性检出率分别为42.5%(845/1 988)和56.7%(1 127/1 988)。医务人员焦虑症状与职业应激呈正相关,与工作适配呈负相关( r=0.831、-0.364, P<0.001),工作适配与职业应激呈负相关( r=-0.259, P<0.001)。中介效应分析结果显示,职业应激对焦虑症状存在直接效应( β=0.677,BCa 95% CI:0.648~0.707),且工作适配( β=0.047,BCa 95% CI:0.039~0.056)、属性适配( β=0.089,BCa 95% CI:0.074~0.104)、需求-供应适配( β=0.075,BCa 95% CI:0.062~0.089)、能力-要求适配( β=0.035,BCa 95% CI:0.026~0.044)介导了医务人员职业应激与焦虑症状间关联,中介效应分别占总效应的6.5%、12.3%、10.3%和4.8%。 结论:工作适配在医务人员职业应激与焦虑症状间具有中介效应,但主要以直接效应为主。Objective To analyze the mediating effect of work-occupation fit between occupational stress and anxiety symptoms in medical staff.Methods Convenience sampling method was adopted to select participants of one general hospital and three specialized hospitals as respondents for a questionnaire survey in Henan Province from October 2020 to January 2021.A total of 2050 medical staff were investigated,and 1988 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective rate of the questionnaire was 97.0%(1988/2050).The"Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale"and"Worker-Occupation Fit Inventory"were used to evaluate the occupational stress,anxiety symptoms and worker-occupation fit level of medical staff,and the mediation effect of work-occupation fit on the relationship between occupational stress and anxiety symptoms was analyzed using a mediating effect model.Results The average age of the 1988 medical staff was(32.7±7.8)years old,the positive detection rates of occupational stress and anxiety symptoms were 42.5%(845/1988)and 56.7%(1127/1988),respectively.Anxiety symptoms of medical staff were positively correlated with occupational stress,negatively correlated with worker-occupation fit(r=0.831,-0.364,P<0.001),work-occupation fit was negatively correlated with occupational stress(r=-0.259,P<0.001).The results of the mediation effect analysis showed that occupational stress had a direct effect on anxiety symptoms(β=0.677,BCa 95%CI:0.648-0.707),and worker-occupation fit(β=0.047,BCa 95%CI:0.039-0.056),characteristic fit(β=0.089,BCa 95%CI:0.074-0.104),need-supply fit(β=0.075,BCa 95%CI:0.062-0.089),and ability-demand fit(β=0.035,BCa 95%CI:0.026-0.044)mediated the association between occupational stress and anxiety symptoms in medical staff,with the mediating effect as a percentage of 6.5%,12.3%,10.3%,and 4.8%,respectively.Conclusion Worker-occupation fit has a mediating effect between occupational stress and anxiety symptoms in medical staff,but mainly direct effect.

关 键 词：医务人员 焦虑症状 工作适配 职业应激 中介效应 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]