符合我国航空工业发展现状的COTS IP适航要求研究与探索  

Research on and Exploration of COTS IP Airworthiness Requirements for China’s Aviation Industry

作　　者：侯小宇 HOU Xiaoyu(Airworthiness Certification Centre CAAC,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空适航审定中心,北京100102

出　　处：《民航学报》2022年第4期82-88,95,共8页Journal of Civil Aviation

摘　　要：随着经济全球化的发展及生产资源的优化配置,以及竞争的日趋加剧,在确保安全性的基础上,加快运输类民用航空器研制进度,降低研制成本,已成为制造商追求的目标。随着航空器研制周期的缩短,机载系统和设备的研制进度也随之加快。为实现加快项目研制进度、降低研制成本的目的,越来越多的机载系统和设备制造商在产品研制过程中使用到商用货架(COTS)。商用货架知识产权(COTS IP)作为COTS的一个分支,被用于设计和实现部分或完整的用户微编码器件(如PLD、FPGA或相似可编程器件)功能。COTS IP通过采购所得,其开发可能不是按照适航可接受的方法实施,表明适航符合性的生命周期数据也可能无法完整提供,其在机载系统和设备中的使用可能引入不可预知的风险,从而对民用飞机的安全性造成影响。因此,本文首先对COTS IP的使用背景进行简要介绍,其次对COTS IP的类型、特性及使用现状进行说明,再次针对COTS IP在民用大型客机机载设备中的使用风险进行探讨,最后对国外主流局方及工业方对于COTS IP使用的管理要求进行梳理,以及对相关的管理要求进行归纳与总结,提出适用于我国民用航空发展现状的COTS IP适航要求及关键要素建议,期望能为国内申请人顺利完成使用COTS IP的机载产品的适航认证提供表明符合性的思路及符合性工作帮助。With the development of economic globalization,the optimal allocation of production resources and the intensification of competition,manufacturers have been pursuing the goal of speeding up the development of civil transport aircraft and reducing the development cost on the basis of ensuring safety.With the shortening of aircraft development cycle,the development of airborne systems and equipment is also accelerated.In order to accelerate project development and reduce development costs,more and more manufacturers of airborne systems and equipment are using commercial off-the-shelf(COTS)in their product development process.As a branch of COTS,COTS IP is used to design and implement partial or complete functions of user micro-coded devices(such as PLD,FPGA or similar programmable devices).COTS IP is acquired through procurement,and its development may not be implemented in accordance with the airworthiness acceptable method,which indicates that the airworthiness compliance life cycle data may not be completely provided,and its use in airborne systems and equipment may introduce unpredictable risks,thus affecting the safety of civil aircraft.Therefore,this paper firstly introduces the use background of COTS IP,then explains the types,characteristics and current situation of COTS IP,and discusses the use risk of COTS IP in airborne equipment of civil large passenger aircraft.Finally,the management requirements for the use of COTS IP of mainstream foreign authorities and industrial parties are sorted out,the relevant management requirements are summarized,and the COTS IP airworthiness requirements and key elements are recommended for the development of civil aviation in China.It is expected to provide ideas and help for domestic applicants to successfully complete airworthiness certification of airborne products using COTS IP.

关 键 词：民用航空 商用货架 知识产权 适航 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]