三峡水库下泄水温规律研究  

Study on the Law of Discharge Water Temperature of the Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：王飞龙 胡挺 张松 高玉磊 时玉龙 WANG Fei-long;HU Ting;ZHANG Song;GAO Yu-lei;SHI Yu-long(River Basin Hub AdministTation Center,China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichmg,Hubei 443133,China')

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团有限公司流域枢纽运行管理中心,湖北宜昌443133

出　　处：《四川环境》2022年第4期124-130,共7页Sichuan Environment

基　　金：中国长江三峡集团有限公司自主科研项目《金沙江下游-三峡梯级水库多目标优化调度模型开发与应用研究》资助(WWKY-2020-0299)

摘　　要：以黄陵庙站水温作为三峡水库下泄水温,对比了黄陵庙站水温与宜昌站水温差异,研究了三峡水库2010~2019年试验性175m正常蓄水下泄水温变化规律。研究结果表明:黄陵庙站水温与宜昌站水温年均差异为-0.6~0.7℃,月均最高水温出现在8月为25.9℃,最低水温出现在3月为12.1℃,冬季最低水温滞后气温2月,夏季最高水温滞后气温1月,历年库尾入库热量均高于坝前出库热量,平均高1.4×10^(16)J,水库蓄热效应明显;日均水温大于等于15℃、18℃、24℃水温的频率为73%、59%、20%,四大家鱼产卵期4~6月需求水温出现天数占该段时期的87.5%,三峡水库实施促进四大家鱼繁殖的生态调度试验,有效提高了下泄水温,延长了四大家鱼产卵时间,建立了黄陵庙水温与寸滩流量水温、三峡出库流量、库水位、宜昌气温分期回归方程,平均绝对误差为0.7℃,对预测三峡水库下泄水温,实施生态调度具有一定意义。Taking the water temperature of Huanglingmiao station as the discharge water temperature of the Three Gorges reservoir,this paper compared the difference between the water temperature of Huanglingmiao station and Yichang station,and studied the variation law of the discharge water temperature of the Three Gorges reservoir from 2010 to 2019.The results showed,that the average annual difference of water temperature between Huanglingmiao station and Yichang station is-0.6~0.7℃.The maximum monthly average water temperature is 25.9℃in August,and the minimum water temperature is 12.1℃in March.The minimum water temperature in winter lags behind the temperature by 2 months,and the maximum water temperature in summer lags behind the temperature by 1 month.Over the years,the inlet heat at the end of the reservoir is higher than the outlet heat at the front of the dam,which is 1.4×10^(16)J higher on average,the reservoir heat storage effect is obvious.The frequency of daily average water temperature greater than or equal to 15℃,18℃and 24℃was 73%,59%and 20%,and the number of days of required water temperature from April to June accounted for 87.5%of the four fish spawning period.The Three Gorges reservoir carried out the ecological regulation experiment to promote the reproduction of four big fishes,which effectivelyincreased the water temperature of discharge and extended the spawning time of four big fishes.The regression equations of the water temperature of Huanglingmiao and Cuntan flow,the discharge of the Three Gorges,the water level of the reservoir and the air temperature in Yichang were established with the mean absolute error of 0.7℃,which has a certain significance for predicting the discharge water temperature of the Three Gorges Reservoir and implementing ecological operation.

关 键 词：三峡水库 下泄水温 四大家鱼 回归分析 

分 类 号：TV131.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]