热力学教学中一些问题的探讨  

Discussion on Several Issues of Second Law of Thermodynamics in Physical Chemistry

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作  者:刘艳 LIU Yan(School of Chemistry and Materials,Weinan Normal University,Shaanxi Weinan 714099,China)

机构地区:[1]渭南师范学院化学与材料学院,陕西渭南714099

出  处:《广州化工》2022年第15期166-168,共3页GuangZhou Chemical Industry

基  金:陕西省自然科学基金项目(No:2018JM2051);渭南师范学院教育教学改革项目(No:JG201928)。

摘  要:热力学定律一直以来都是学生学习的难点问题。本文通过分析系统变化过程中功和热转化关系,讨论了热力学第二定律的文字表述及克劳修斯不等式;分析了热力学第二定律与亥姆霍兹自由能判据和吉布期自由能判据的直接联系,从微观层次说明了热力学第二定律的本质:即热功转化的不可逆性,决定了隔离系统熵不能减小的宏观事实;对绝对零度不能到达原理及其原因进行了剖析。Law of thermodynamics is one of a difficult problem for students to comprehend.By analyzing the relationship between work and heat transfer,the literal representation of Second Law of Thermodynamics and Clausius theorem were discussed.The direct relationship between Second Law of Thermodynamics with Helmholtz free energy criterion and Gibbs free energy criterion was analyzed.It was shown that the essence of Second Law of Thermodynamics was due to the irreversibility of the transformation of heat and work,the fact that the entropy of the isolated system can not be reduced was determined,and the principle and reason of the absolute zero can not be reached were analyzed.

关 键 词:热力学第二定律 熵判据 绝对零度 

分 类 号:G640[文化科学—高等教育学]

 

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