甲烷卤代活化及其定向转化技术研究进展  

Research progress of methane halogenation and its targeted conversion technique

作　　者：李红营 张信伟 王海洋 郭智芳 LI Hongying;ZHANG Xinwei;WANG Haiyang;GUO Zhifang(SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116045,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化(大连)石油化工研究院有限公司,辽宁大连116045

出　　处：《天然气化工—C1化学与化工》2022年第4期48-56,共9页Natural Gas Chemical Industry

基　　金：中石化资助项目(总合-082103)。

摘　　要：甲烷直接转化制高附加值化工产品是天然气化工行业公认的难题之一。传统的甲烷转化路线采用氧化方式活化甲烷,在苛刻的反应条件下必然会出现产物的深度氧化,转化率和选择性难以匹配是其最显著的缺点。因此,改变甲烷的活化方式是提高甲烷转化效率的关键突破口。与传统的甲烷直接转化路线相比,甲烷先活化为卤代甲烷后再继续转化的技术路线,具有甲烷易活化、卤代甲烷转化条件温和及能耗较低等优点,同时还解决了甲烷直接转化产物的深度氧化难题,故甲烷经卤代活化后再继续转化有望成为解决甲烷转化问题的重要方案。对比分析了多种甲烷直接转化和间接转化技术,对甲烷催化活化为氯甲烷和溴甲烷的研究现状进行了阐述,总结了卤代甲烷制取低碳烯烃、二甲醚和乙酸等过程的工艺路线、反应机理及催化剂的研究进展。卤代甲烷制烯烃技术路线在炼油化工转型过程中将成为甲烷高值化利用的重要参考。The direct conversion of methane to high value-added chemicals is one of the recognized difficulties in the natural gas chemical industry.Traditional routes for methane conversion usually activate methane by oxidation,which require harsh conditions and will lead to deep oxidation of products.Conversion and selectivity are difficult to match.Compared with the traditional direct conversion route of methane,halogenation of methane offers an indirect conversion route under mild reaction conditions,and also avoids the problem of deep oxidation of products.Therefore,further conversion of methane through halogenated methane is expected to be an important means to solve methane conversion problem.The direct and indirect conversion technologies of methane were compared and analyzed.The advance in catalytic activation of methane to chloromethane and bromomethane was reviewed.The catalyst research,reaction mechanism and route progress in the conversion process of halogenated methane to low carbon olefin,dimethyl ether and acetic acid were also summarized.Among them,the route of halomethane to olefins will become an important reference for the high-value utilization of methane in the proc ess of refining and chemical transformation.

关 键 词：卤代甲烷 定向转化 氯甲烷 溴甲烷 低碳烯烃 

分 类 号：TQ222.2[化学工程—有机化工] O643.3[理学—物理化学]