海水电解面临的挑战与机遇:含氯电化学中先进材料研究进展  

Challenges and Opportunities for Seawater Electrolysis:A Mini-Review on Advanced Materials in Chlorine-Involved Electrochemistry

作　　者：崔柏桦 施毅 李根 陈亚楠 陈伟[1,2,4] 邓意达[3,5] 胡文彬 Baihua Cui;Yi Shi;Gen Li;Yanan Chen;Wei Chen;Yida Deng;Wenbin Hu(Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University,International Campus of Tianjin University,Fuzhou 350207,China;Department of Chemistry,National University of Singapore,Singapore 117543,Singapore;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Department of Physics,National University of Singapore,Singapore 117542,Singapore;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]新加坡国立大学-天津大学联合学院,天津大学国际校区,福州350207 [2]新加坡国立大学化学系,新加坡117543 [3]天津大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300350 [4]新加坡国立大学物理系,新加坡117542 [5]海南大学材料科学与工程学院,海口570228

出　　处：《物理化学学报》2022年第6期79-89,共11页Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划培育项目(2018YFB0703500);国家自然科学基金(91963113);新加坡国立大学绿色能源旗舰项目资助。

摘　　要：氢气是一种清洁高效的能源载体,通过海水电解规模化制备氢气能够为应对全球能源挑战提供新的机遇。然而,缺乏高活性、高选择性和高稳定性的理想电极材料是在腐蚀性海水中连续电解过程的一个巨大挑战。为了缓解这一困境,需要从基础理论和实际应用两方面对材料进行深入研究。近年来,人们围绕电极材料的催化活性、选择性和耐腐蚀性进行了大量的探索。本文重点总结了高选择性和强耐腐蚀性材料的设计合成与作用机制。其中详细介绍了多种电极材料(如多金属氧化物、Ni/Fe/Co基复合材料、氧化锰包覆异质结构等)对氧气生成选择性的研究进展;系统论述了各种材料的抗腐蚀工程研究成果,主要讨论了本征抗腐蚀材料、外防护涂层和原位产生抗腐蚀物种三种情况。此外,提出了海水电解过程中存在的挑战和潜在的机遇。先进纳米材料的设计有望为解决海水电解中的氯化学问题提供新思路。Hydrogen(H_(2))is an important component in the framework of carbon-neutral energy,and the scalable production of H_(2) from seawater electrolysis offers a feasible route to address global energy challenges.With abundant seawater reserves,seawater electrolysis,especially when powered by renewable electricity sources,has great prospects.However,chloride ions(Cl−)in seawater can participate in the anodic reaction and accelerate the corrosion of electrode materials during electrolysis.Although the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is thermodynamically favorable,the chlorine evolution reaction is highly competitive because fewer electrons are involved(2e−).These two problems are compounded by the dearth of corrosion-resistant electrode materials,which hinders the practical applications of seawater electrolysis.Therefore,intensive research efforts have been devoted to optimizing electrode materials using fundamental theories for practical applications.This review summarizes the recent progress in advanced electrode materials with an emphasis on their selectivity and anti-corrosivity.Practical materials with improved selectivity for oxygen generation,such as mixed metal oxides,Ni/Fe/Co-based composites,and manganese oxide(MnOx)-coated heterostructures,are reviewed in detail.Theoretically,alkaline environments(pH>7.5)are preferred for OER as a constant potential gap(480 mV)exists in the high pH region.Nevertheless,corrosion of both the cathode and anode from ubiquitous Cl−is inevitable.Only a few materials with good corrosion resistance are capable of sustained operation in seawater systems;these include metal titanium and carbon-based materials.The corrosion process is usually accompanied by the formation of a passivated layer on the surface,but the aggressive penetration of Cl−can damage the whole electrode.Therefore,the selective inhibition of Cl−transport in the presence of a robust layer is critical to prevent continuous corrosion.Advances in anti-corrosion engineering,which encompasses inherently anti-corros

关 键 词：海水电解 氯化学 抗腐蚀 选择性催化剂 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学] O643[理学—化学]