运输后禁食与非禁食对肉兔应激水平、肉品质和行为的影响  

Effects of Non-Fasting and Fasting before Slaughter on Stress Level,Meat Quality and Behavior of Meat Rabbits after Transportation

作　　者：郭子涵 秦春力 张芳芳 赵娜[1] 王彬[1] 贺稚非[4] 李洪军[4,5] 吕景智 GUO Zihan;QIN Chunli;ZHANG Fangfang;ZHAO Na;WANG Bin;HE Zhifei;LI Hongjun;LUJingzhi(Laboratary of Biological Feed and Molecular Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing400715,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Bazhou District,Bazhong City,Sichuan Province,Bazhong636000,China;Bazhou Animal Husbandry Station,Bazhong City,Sichuan Province,Bazhong636000,China;College of Food Science,Southwest University,Chongqing400715,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Special Foods Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing,Chongqing400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物科学技术学院生物饲料与分子营养实验室,重庆400715 [2]四川省巴中市巴州区农业农村局,巴中636000 [3]四川省巴中市巴州区畜牧站,巴中636000 [4]西南大学食品科学学院,重庆400715 [5]川渝共建特色食品重庆市重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2022年第8期2598-2607,共10页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-43-E-2);西南大学博士启动基金(20190898);四川白兔优良种质资源扩繁与健康养殖技术示范推广(2020JDZH0029);重庆市现代山地特色高效农业产业技术体系(草食牲畜2020[11]号);重庆市特色食品工程技术研究中心能力提升项目(cstc2014pt-gc8001)。

摘　　要：本试验以伊拉肉兔为研究对象,探究肉兔运输后在禁食与非禁食条件下对其应激水平、肉品质和行为的影响,探索合理的肉兔运输后的处理方式。试验选取80只体重相近((2.5±0.5)kg)的伊拉公兔,随机分为8个组:对照组、运输后0h组、非禁食6h组、非禁食24h、禁食6h组、禁食24h组、禁食行为观察组和非禁食行为观察组(做行为观察,不屠宰)。预试期为7d,正式期的运输时间为2h。结果发现,在血清生化测定中,和对照组相比,运输后0h组血清ALT、AST、TG、Glu、CK、LDH水平无显著变化(P>0.05),而运输后0h组血清TP浓度显著下降,皮质醇浓度显著上升(P<0.05)。非禁食24h组血糖水平高于禁食24h组(P<0.05)、血清CK浓度低于禁食24h组(P<0.01),非禁食6h的LDH水平低于禁食6h组(P<0.05)。在肉品质测定中,运输后0h时肌肉pH显著上升(P<0.05),肌肉L^(*)、a^(*)水平显著下降(P<0.05),而非禁食24h组的L^(*)、a^(*)和b^(*)值显著高于禁食24h组。而禁食组与非禁食组的肌肉pH、失水率、蒸煮损失率和剪切力等无显著差异(P>0.05)。在基因表达方面,运输后0h时JNK、Caspase-3的mRNA水平显著上升(P<0.05)。非禁食相比于禁食降低了JNK mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),对Caspase-3水平无显著影响(P>0.05)。在行为学方面,非禁食相比于禁食降低了肉兔的食粪行为(P<0.05),对于肉兔刻板行为改变不明显(P>0.05)。本研究提示,在运输后静养期间,24h非禁食能一定程度降低肉兔的应激、减少机体损伤、改善兔肉品质,有利于提高肉兔的福利水平。Hyla meat rabbits were taken in this experiment to study the effects of fasting and nonfasting on the stress level,meat quality and behaviors,and to explore a reasonable post-treatment method for meat rabbits after transportation.Eighty male Hyla rabbits with weight of(2.5±0.5)kg were chosed and randomly divided into 8groups:control group,0hafter transportation group,non-fasting 6hgroup,non-fasting 24h,fasting 6hgroup,fasting 24hgroup,fasting behavior observation group and non-fasting behavior observation group(behavior observation without slaughter).The pre-trial period was 7days,and the transportation in formal experiment lasted for 2hours.The results were as follows:Compared with the control group,the serum levels of ALT,AST,TG,Glu,CK and LDH had no significant changes at 0hafter transportation(P>0.05),but the serum TP concentration decreased and the cortisol concentration increased significantly after transportation(P<0.05).The levels of serum glucose were higher,but CK activities were lower in non-fasting 24hgroup than in fasting 24hgroup(P<0.05),and the levels of LDH activities in non-fasting 6hgroup were lower than those in fasting 6hgroup(P<0.05).In the determination of meat quality,the muscle pH increased significantly at 0hafter transportation(P<0.05),and the muscle L^(*)and a^(*)levels decreased significantly(P<0.05).The L^(*),a^(*)and b^(*)values of non-fasting 24hgroup were significantly higher than those of fasting 24hgroup.There was no significant difference in muscle pH,water loss rate,cooking loss rate or shear force between fasting group and non-fasting group(P>0.05).In terms of gene expression,JNK and Caspase-3levels increased significantly at 0hafter transportation(P<0.05).Compared with fasting,non-fasting decreased the relative expression of JNK mRNA(P<0.05),but had no significant effect on Caspase-3level(P>0.05).In the aspect of behaviors,compared with fasting,non-fasting only reduced the caecotrophy behavior(P<0.05),but did not change the stereotyped behaviors of meat rabbits significantly

关 键 词：肉兔 非禁食 应激 肉品质 行为 JNK通路 

分 类 号：S829.1[农业科学—畜牧学]