影响我国男子100 m跑运动员起跑能力的因素探讨  

Discussion on the Factors Affecting the Starting Ability of Chinese Men’s 100 mAthletes

作　　者：陆晓洲 范运祥[2] 陈辉 柴国荣[1] LU Xiaozhou;FAN Yunxiang;CHEN Hui;CHAI Guorong(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;Chongqing University of Education,Chongqing 400065,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]湖南师范大学,湖南长沙410081 [3]重庆第二师范学院,重庆400065

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第8期3-8,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划教育部青年课题(ELA200416)。

摘　　要：目的:通过对2019年多场国内男子100 m跑决赛的起跑时间-压力曲线数据、前10 m用时和比赛成绩的分析,探析影响我国不同运动员技术等级的男子100 m跑运动员起跑能力的影响因素。方法:通过菲普莱电子起跑监测系统获取运动员起跑的时间-压力曲线,通过全国田径竞赛管理系统获取比赛成绩,使用视频拍摄和软件解析获得运动员前10 m用时,以其作为评价起跑能力的指标,采用皮尔森相关分析法,对起跑时间-压力曲线的数据、前10 m用时和比赛成绩进行相关分析。结果:1)我国国际级运动健将等级男子100 m跑运动员的前10 m用时与比赛成绩(r=0.847,P=0.003)、反应时(r=0.894,P=0.016)呈显著正相关,与动作时(r=-0.946,P=0.004)呈非常显著负相关;2)运动健将等级男子100 m跑运动员的前10 m用时与峰值力(r=-0.545,P=0.024)呈显著负相关,与比赛成绩(r=0.543,P=0.024)呈显著正相关;3)一级运动员等级男子100 m跑运动员的前10 m用时与比赛成绩(r=0.505,P=0.039)、单前脚蹬伸时(r=0.410,P=0.042)呈显著正相关,与双脚做功冲量(r=-0.433,P=0.031)呈显著负相关。结论:1)我国国际级运动健将等级男子100 m跑运动员起跑能力主要取决于反应时、动作时和峰值力;2)运动健将等级男子100 m跑运动员起跑能力主要取决于前脚蹬离时和峰值力;3)一级运动员等级男子100 m跑运动员起跑能力主要取决于单前脚蹬伸时、峰值力和双脚做功冲量。Objective:Through the analysis of the starting time-pressure curve data,the time spent in the first 10 m and the competition results of the domestic men’s 100 m finals in 2019,to find out the factors that affect the starting performance of Chinese men’s 100 m athletes at different levels.Methods:Obtain the starting time-pressure curve of athletes through the Philippe Electronic Start Monitoring System,obtain the competition results through the National Track and Field Competition Management System,using video shooting and software analysis to obtain the athlete’s first 10 m time and the previous 10 m time used is used as an index to evaluate starting performance,and Pearson correlation analysis method is used to analyze the data of starting time-pressure curve,the time used in the first 10 m and the performance of the competition.Results:1)The time spent in the first 10 m of male sprinters at the international master level in China was significantly positively correlated with competition performance(r=0.847,P=0.003)and reaction time(r=0.894,P=0.016),and it was significantly negatively correlated with action time(r=-0.946,P=0.004);2)there was a significantly negatively correlated with the time used in the first 10 m of male sprinters in China’s elite master level and peak force(r=-0.545,P=0.024),and there was a significantly positively correlated with competition performance(r=0.543,P=0.024);3)the first 10 m time and competition performance(r=0.505,P=0.039)of the first-level male sprinters in China and the single front pedal extension(r=0.410,P=0.042)was significantly positively correlated,and it wsa significantly negatively correlated with the impulse of both feet(r=-0.433,P=0.031).Conclusions:1)The starting performance of Chinese male sprinters at the international master level mainly depends on reaction time,action time and peak force;2)the starting performance of Chinese male sprinters at elite master level mainly depends on the forward kick-off time and peak force;3)the starting performance of Chinese

关 键 词：起跑 时间-压力曲线 蹲踞式 

分 类 号：G822.1[文化科学—体育训练]