不同运动性疲劳方案对足球专项大学生躯干和下肢运动学特征的影响  

Effect of Different Fatigue Protocols on Trunk and Lower Extremity Kinematics for Collegiate Soccer Players

作　　者：张美珍[1] 郭浩[1] 刘卉[2] 武晓刚[1] 陈维毅[1] ZHANG Meizhen;GUO Hao;LIU Hui;WU Xiaogang;CHEN Weiyi(Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学,山西太原030024 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第8期32-40,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30870600);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(18YJA890034);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2020-032);山西省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目(2019W025);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202010112017);太原理工大学学科建设经费。

摘　　要：目的:对比分析足球专项体能测试(SAFT^(90))和Yo-Yo间歇耐力水平2测试(Yo-Yo IE2)对运动员着地时刻神经肌肉控制的影响。方法:选取7名大学生足球专项运动员为受试,运用红外光点运动捕捉系统(Nokov Mars2H)获得运动学数据。受试佩戴心率实时监测遥测仪(Polar Team 2),用于保障实验的安全性和疲劳评价的有效性与客观性。运用2×2重复测量设计的双因素方差分析验证2种动作下疲劳诱导和疲劳方案对运动特征的影响。结果:受试完成的2种疲劳方案均达到疲劳评定标准,心率和自感疲劳等级均无显著性差异。单脚落地起跳动作着地时刻,髋关节内外旋角[F_((1,6))=7.811,P=0.031,r=0.752]和膝关节内外翻角[F_((1,6))=6.976,P=0.038,r=0.733]对疲劳方案及疲劳诱导具有显著性交互作用。与SAFT^(90)疲劳诱导前相比,诱导后髋关节矢状面活动度增加(13.6°vs 18.5°,P=0.022,r=0.783)、髋关节内旋(-5.9°vs 2.6°,P=0.019,r=0.793)、膝关节外翻(2.1°vs-1.5°,P=0.001,r=0.928)、外旋(-12.8°vs-20.3°,P<0.001,r=0.968)增加。侧切着地时刻膝关节屈曲角[F_((1,6))=14.164,P=0.009,r=0.838]和膝关节内外翻角[F_((1,6))=17.679,P=0.006,r=0.864]在疲劳方案及疲劳诱导间存在显著性交互作用。SAFT^(90)疲劳诱导后侧切时更趋于足跟着地(-3.8 cm vs-6.9 cm,P=0.031,r=0.753)。结论:足球运动员疲劳诱导后完成动作的着地策略与疲劳前不同,特别是SAFT^(90)运动性疲劳诱导后,其单脚落地跳着地时刻髋关节内旋、膝关节外翻、外旋显著增加;急停侧切着地时刻,膝关节更加直立、外翻,同时趋于足跟着地,可能增加疲劳后前交叉韧带损伤风险。完成Yo-Yo IE2运动性疲劳诱导后,足球运动员急停侧切时膝关节外翻角度增加,且SAFT^(90)较Yo-Yo IE2运动性疲劳诱导方案对足球运动员的影响更大。提示,采用SAFT^(90)作为足球运动性疲劳诱导方案,对于理解下肢疲劳后的神经肌肉控制可能�Objective:The study was to compare the effects of different fatigue protocols(soccer specific aerobic fitness test,SAFT^(90))and(Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 2 test,Yo-Yo IE2)for collegiate soccer players on neuromuscular control at the time of contacting with ground.Methods:The study recruited 7 collegiate soccer players.The kinematics data were collected by infrared motion capture system(Nokov Mars2h,China).Subjects wore real-time heart rate monitoring telemeter(Polar Team 2,Finland)to ensure the safety of the experiment and the effectiveness and objectivity of fatigue evaluation.2×2 repeated designed two-way ANOVA was used to identify the influence of pre-post fatigue and protocols on kinematics of soccer players.Results:The two exercise-induced fatigue protocols satisfied fatigue criterion,and there were no significant differences on heart rate and session rating of perceived exertion.Hip internal-external rotation angle[F_((1,6))=7.811,P=0.031,r=0.752]and knee varus and valgus angle[F_((1,6))=6.976,P=0.038,r=0.733]had significant interaction effect on fatigue protocols and fatigue induction.Compared with SAFT^(90) protocol pre-test,there were significant increase for hip sagittal range of motion(13.6°vs 18.5°,P=0.022,r=0.783),hip internal rotation(-5.9°vs 2.6°,P=0.019,r=0.793),knee valgus angle(2.1°vs-1.5°,P=0.001,r=0.928),knee external rotation(-12.8°vs-20.3°,P<0.001,r=0.968).The knee flexion angle[F_((1,6)))=14.164,P=0.009,r=0.838]and the valgus angle[F_((1,6))=17.679,P=0.006,r=0.864]had significant interaction on fatigue protocols and pre post tests during side-cutting.The soccer players were more likely to landing by heel at SAFT^(90) protocol post-test during side-cutting(-3.8 cm vs-6.9 cm,P=0.031,r=0.753).Conclusions:The different landing strategies of trunk and lower extremity kinematics in post-fatigue were observed for soccer players compared with pre-test,especially for SAFT^(90) protocles,including larger hip internal rotation,knee valgus angle and knee external rotation during sing

关 键 词：运动性疲劳 跳箱单脚落地起跳 急停侧切 运动学 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]