光纤光栅在超声结构健康监测中的应用与展望  

Application and Prospect of Fiber Bragg Grating in Ultrasonic Structure Health Monitoring

作　　者：吴奇[1] 兰伍霖 张含琦 芦吉云[2] WU Qi;LAN Wulin;ZHANG Hanqi;LU Jiyun(State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjin,210016,China;College of Aeronautics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjin,210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学机械结构力学及控制国家重点实验室,南京210016 [2]南京航空航天大学民航学院,南京210016

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2022年第4期627-635,820,共10页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFF0501800);国家自然科学基金资助项目(11972016,1201101471,U1933202);机械结构力学及控制国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(MCMS⁃I⁃0521G04)。

摘　　要：使用光纤光栅探测包含损伤信息的高频、小能量超声导波,是结构健康监测的关键技术和重点发展方向之一。首先,阐述了光纤光栅探测超声的基本原理,介绍了同时满足高灵敏度和大带宽的相移光纤光栅,揭示了光栅监测的角度相关性以及安装技术;其次,介绍了宽带光源解调法与可调谐激光解调法,将高速的小幅布拉格波长漂移转换为电压输出;然后,介绍了光纤光栅在冲击监测、声发射监测、声⁃超声监测三个方面的应用,着重以航空航天复合材料健康监测为例,讨论了损伤判断、定位及分类等功能的实现;最后,对光纤光栅在超声结构健康监测中的应用进行了总结和展望。Utilizing fiber Bragg grating to detect high-frequency,small-energy ultrasonic guided waves contain⁃ing damage information is one of the key technologies and development directions for structural health monitor⁃ing.Firstly,the ultrasonic detection principle of fiber Bragg grating and a special phased-shifted fiber Bragg grat⁃ing with high sensitivity and broad bandwidth is introduced,and the directional sensitivity and the installation methods of the grating are discussed.Secondly,the broadband light source demodulation method and the tun⁃able laser demodulation method to convert the high-speed and small-amplitude Bragg wavelength shift into volt⁃age output are presented and compared.Then,typical and important applications on aerospace composite struc⁃tures,including impact monitoring,acoustic emission monitoring and acousto-ultrasonic monitoring,are re⁃ferred to as examples to discuss the research progress of damage determination,localization,classification and other health monitoring.Finally,the application of fiber Bragg grating in ultrasonic structural health monitoring is summarized and prospected.

关 键 词：光纤布拉格光栅 结构健康监测 解调系统 冲击 声发射 声⁃超声 

分 类 号：TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]