基于敏感特征频带的旋转机械故障源定位方法  

Rotating machinery fault source location method based on sensitive characteristic frequency band

作　　者：谭逸 马波[1,2] 张强升 TAN Yi;MA Bo;ZHANG Qiang-sheng(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of High End Mechanical Equipment Health Monitoring and Self Recovery,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,MEE,Beijing 100082,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学机电工程学院,北京100029 [2]北京化工大学高端机械装备健康监控与自愈化北京市重点实验室,北京100029 [3]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082

出　　处：《机电工程》2022年第8期1080-1087,1095,共9页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51275141);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY18E050008)。

摘　　要：在基于声阵的旋转机械故障监测过程中,目前通常依据专家经验人为确定声阵信号频率范围,以此来进行定位分析,容易造成故障源定位不准确,针对这一问题,提出了一种基于敏感特征频带的旋转机械故障源定位方法。首先,依据旋转机械故障声信号具有明显的周期性冲击特性,利用Protrugram方法确定了声阵信号的敏感特征频带范围,并从中提取出了敏感特征频带信号;然后,通过最小均方无失真响应方法(MVDR)对敏感特征频带信号进行了分析,计算了旋转机械所处平面的声场分布,做出了声场分布图;将摄像头监控画面与声场分布图相结合,识别了最大声源位置,即故障源位置;最后,设计了故障模拟实验,对该方法的可行性进行了验证。研究结果表明:该方法对于轴承类故障和不平衡故障的定位误差不超过0.10 m,能有效确定旋转机械的故障源位置,实现旋转机械故障源定位的可视化。In the application of rotating machinery fault monitoring based on acoustic array,aiming at the problem of inaccurate fault source location caused by artificially determining the frequency range of acoustic array signal only based on expert experience,a fault source location method of rotating machinery based on sensitive feature frequency band was proposed.Firstly,according to the obvious periodic impact characteristics of the rotating machinery fault acoustic signal,the Protrugram method was used to determine the sensitive characteristic frequency band range of the acoustic array signal,and the sensitive characteristic frequency band signal was extracted.Then,the minimum variance distortionless response method was used to analyze the sensitive characteristic frequency band signal,calculating the sound field distribution of the plane where the rotating machinery was located,and make the sound field distribution map.The camera monitoring picture was combined with the sound field distribution map to identify the maximum sound source location,which was the fault source location.Finally,a fault simulation test was designed to verify the feasibility of the method.The research results show that the positioning error of this method for bearing faults and unbalance faults is not more than 0.10 m,which can effectively determine the location of the fault source and realize the visualization of the fault source location of rotating machinery.

关 键 词：机械运行与维修 声信号监测 转子不平衡故障 轴承故障 声阵信号频率 声场分布图 最小均方无失真响应 信号冲击特性 

分 类 号：TH133[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH17