水生态修复植物水质净化能力综述  

Review on water purification ability of aquatic ecological restoration plants

作　　者：陈琳 李晨光 李锋民[1] 种云霄[2] 胡洪营[3] 高帅强 周卫东 孙振水 CHEN Lin;LI Chenguang;LI Fengmin;CHONG Yunxiao;HU Hongying;GAO Shuaiqiang;ZHOU Weidong;SUN Zhenshui(Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control,Key Laboratory on Marine Environment and Ecology of Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao Shandong 266100;College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510642;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Qingdao Water Administration Bureau,Qingdao Shandong 266100)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,近海环境污染控制研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [4]青岛市水务管理局,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2022年第8期1079-1084,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFC0406304);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(No.2019JZZY020302)。

摘　　要：水生植物的污染物去除能力是衡量水生植物水生态修复适宜性的核心指标。对比总结了常见水生植物对氮、磷营养盐、多种重金属和化学需氧量(COD)的净化能力及影响因素,以期为污染水域水生态修复时水生植物的筛选提供参考。结果表明,粉绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum)、美人蕉(Canna indica)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、芦竹(Arundo donax)、水葱(Scirpus validus)、慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)对氮的去除效果较好,凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)、大薸(Pistia stratiotes)、泽泻(Alisma orientalis)、菰(Zizania latifolia)对磷的去除具有优势;漂浮植物凤眼莲、大薸、浮萍(Lemna minor)、紫萍(Spirodela polyrrhiza)可作为水中多种重金属污染时首先考虑的修复植物;根系庞大、泌氧能力强、易附着微生物的水生植物对水中COD去除具有优势。水生植物的污染物去除效果通常与植物生长状态、附着微生物情况等有关,往往受温度、pH、水深、水流流态、其他水溶性离子、营养盐的影响,选择时需要考虑其对环境的适应条件或为其构造适宜的环境。The pollutants removal ability of aquatic plants is the core index to measure the suitability for aquatic ecological restoration.The removal ability for nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus,various heavy metals,and COD by common aquatic plants were summarized,as well as influencing factors,to provide reference for screening when aquatic ecological restoration in polluted waters.Results showed that Myriophyllum aquaticum,Canna indica,Phragmites australis,Arundo donax,Scirpus validus,Sagittaria trifolia and Acorus calamus had sufficient effect on nitrogen removal,and Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes,Alisma orientalis and Zizania latifolia were potential plants for phosphorus removal.Floating plants such as Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes,Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrrhiza could be used as priority restoration plants to remove various heavy metals.Plants,which had advantages of huge roots,strong oxygen secretion and vulnerable attachment to microorganisms,were easy to remove COD.Pollutants removal results by aquatic plants were usually associated with plants growing situation and attached microorganisms,mainly influenced by temperature,pH,water depth,water flow state,other dissolved ions and nutrients.The suitable environmental conditions should be considered or created when screening for aquatic ecological restoration plants.

关 键 词：水生植物 水质净化 水生态修复 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173