马克思社会主义社会观及其实践进程中的两次“推进波”  

Marx's View of Socialist Society and Two“Propulsive Waves”in the Course of Its Practice

作　　者：俞良早[1] YU Liangzao(School of Public Administration,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学公共管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2022年第4期89-99,共11页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义经典作家东方社会发展重要文献整理和研究”(20&ZD010)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：马克思、恩格斯的社会主义社会观即他们所设想的社会主义社会是没有商品生产、没有阶级和阶级对立、没有国家和国家机器的社会。在19世纪中后期,国际无产阶级追求实现马克思、恩格斯社会主义社会观的实践出现过一些波折。所谓“波折”,一是指无产阶级的实践过程产生了挫折和曲折,二是指由于实践过程的曲折导致了马克思、恩格斯思想上的省悟和转变。20世纪发生的向着上述社会主义社会进取的第一次“推进波”,是列宁领导的十月革命和探索社会主义途径的实践以及此后苏联建设社会主义社会的实践。它的功绩是打破了压迫制度“一统天下”的世界格局,建立了一种新的人民群众过幸福生活的社会制度,且由于内在的优越性使其能够打败一切帝国主义反动势力。20世纪发生的向着上述社会主义社会进取的第二次“推进波”,指以中国共产党领导的改革开放事业为主流内容的各个共产党执政国家进行改革开放的波潮。它推进方式的特点一是以共产党执政国家与世界上其他性质的国家在经济发展中“共赢”的方式推进历史,二是执政的共产党主张与世界上不同性质的政党和政治组织建立“人类命运共同体”以推进历史,三是提倡文明交流互鉴以推进历史。The socialist society envisaged by Marx and Engels is a society where there is no commodity production,no class and class confrontation,and no state and state machinery.In the middle and late 19th century,there were some twists and turns in the international proletariat practice to pursue the realization of Marx and Engels'view of socialist society.The so⁃called“twists and turns”,firstly refers to the setbacks and twists and turns in the proletariat's practice process,and secondly refers to the reflection on and transformation of Marx and Engels'ideology due to the twists and turns in the prac⁃tice.In the 20th century,the first“propulsive wave”moving towards the above⁃mentioned socialist society was the practice of the October Revolution led by Lenin and the practice of exploring approa⁃ches to socialism and the subsequent practice of the Soviet Union in building a socialist society.Its merit is to break the unifying world pattern shaped by the oppressive system and to establish a new social system in which people can live a happy life;and due to its inherent superiority,the new system is able to defeat all imperialist reactionary forces.The second“propulsive wave”of progress towards the above⁃mentioned socialist society occurring in the 20th century refers to the wave of reform and opening⁃up carried out by various Communist⁃run countries with the reform and opening⁃up under the leadership of the Communist Party of China as the mainstream content.The characteristics of the movement of the second wave in advancing human history are as follows:the first is to adopt a“win⁃win”approach to economic development between the countries run by communist parties and other types of country in the world;the second is to establish“a community with a shared future for man⁃kind”proposed by the ruling Communist Party in China;and the third is to advocate exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations.

关 键 词：社会主义社会观 “推进波” 探索社会主义途径 人类命运共同体 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]