橡胶树大筒苗培育方法Ⅱ——砧木材料的筛选  

Cultivation Method of Large Rubber Poly-tube-raised buddingsⅡ:Screening of Root-stock Material

作　　者：周珺[1,2] 陈青 王新龙[1,2] 林位夫 王军[1,2] ZHOU Jun;CHEN Qing;WANG Xinlong;LIN Weifu;WANG Jun(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou Hainan 571101,China;Danzhou Investigation&Experiment Station of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,Danzhou Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口571101 [2]农业部儋州热带作物科学观测试验站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《种子》2022年第7期132-138,共7页Seed

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020 YFD 1001200);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-33-YZ 4)。

摘　　要：为了培育出可缩短非生产期、减少抚管用工的橡胶树大筒苗,在小筒苗育苗技术的基础上探索大筒苗胚苗材料的类型和规格问题。以籽接苗和芽接桩为胚苗,按不同的砧木直径设12个处理,采用中空锥形筒为育苗容器,分析了各处理大筒苗的株高、茎粗、叶篷数等生长参数和出圃率、定植成活率等出圃参数,并用隶属函数法对不同处理的育苗效果进行大筒苗砧木材料的综合评价和筛选。结果表明,芽接桩砧木直径(1.0~1.1 cm)较小的T 2和T 3大筒苗生长势较弱,出圃率较低,约为65%;1.2~1.7 cm的T 4~T 9大筒苗株高均在2 m以上,叶蓬数近7蓬叶,出圃率80%以上;1.8~2.0 cm的T 10~T 12大筒苗茎粗均在1.8 cm以上,但出圃率低于75%。各处理的大田定植成活率均在92%以上。若需要培育至6~8蓬叶、株高2 m以上、出圃率80%以上的大筒苗,芽接桩的砧木直径需在1.2 cm以上,适宜范围为1.5~1.7 cm,不宜超过1.8 cm。综合考虑各处理的育苗效果,以砧木直径1.6 cm左右的芽接桩T 8作为胚苗的大筒苗生长良好,株高2.2 m以上、茎粗1.8 cm以上,叶蓬数近8蓬叶,出圃率高达92%,定植成活率达95%,是培育橡胶树大筒苗的适宜砧木直径。若同时考虑省时省力又节约育苗成本,籽接苗T 1也适合作橡胶树大筒苗的砧木材料。In order to cultivate large rubber poly-tube-raised buddings which could shorten the non production period and reduce the labor of tending and management,the types and specifications of embryo seedling materials of large poly-tube-raised buddings were explored on the basis of small poly-tube-raised buddings technology.Taking mini-seedling buddings and budded stumps as embryo seedlings,12 treatments were set up according to different root-stock diameters,and hollow conical poly-tube was used as seedling container to analyse the growth parameters such as plant height,stem diameter,number of leaf whorls,and nursery parameters such as nursery rate,survival rate of planting of large poly-tube-raised buddings of each treatment.The effects of different treatments were comprehensively evaluated by membership function method.The results showed that when the root-stock diameter of budded stumps T 2 and T 3 was small(1.0-1.1 cm),the growth vigor of large poly-tube-raised buddings was weak,and the nursery rate was low,about 65%.The height of large poly-tube-raised buddings with root-stock diameter 1.2-1.7 cm of budded stumps T 4-T 9 was more than 2 meters,the number of leaf whorls was nearly 7,and the nursery rate was more than 80%.The stem diameter of large poly-tube-raised buddings with root-stock diameter 1.8-2.0 cm of budded stumps T 10-T 12 was more than 1.8 cm,but the nursery rate was less than 75%.The field planting survival rate of all treatments was more than 92%.If it was necessary to cultivate large poly-tube-raised buddings with 6-8 leaf whorls,plant height of more than 2 meters and nursery rate of more than 80%,the root-stock diameter of budded stumps should be more than 1.2 cm,and the suitable range was 1.5-1.7 cm,not more than 1.8 cm.Considering the seedling effects of each treatment comprehensively,the budded stumps T 8 with root-stock diameter about 1.6 cm grew well,the plant height was more than 2.2 meters,the stem diameter was more than 1.8 cm,the number of leaf whorls was nearly 8,the nursery rate was as

关 键 词：橡胶树 大筒苗 籽接苗 芽接桩 砧木直径 生长势 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]