滴灌灌水下限对夹砂层农田土壤水盐分布和玉米生长的影响  

Effects of Different Thresholds of Mulched Drip Irrigation on Water and Salt Distribution and Water Use Efficiency of Maize in a Sand-Layered Soil

作　　者：丁运韬 程煜 张体彬 姬祥祥[1,2,3] 董勤各 冯浩 张相柱[5] DING Yuntao;CHENG Yu;ZHANG Tibin;JI Xiangxiang;DONG Qin’ge;FENG Hao;ZHANG Xiangzhu(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Area of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Water and Soil Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Water Conservancy Research Institute of Bayannur City,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [5]巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《土壤学报》2022年第3期733-744,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403303);国家自然科学基金项目(51879224,51509238);陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2019NY-001)资助。

摘　　要：为探明滴灌灌水下限对夹砂层土壤水盐分布和作物生长的影响,在河套灌区开展连续2年的田间试验。供试土壤60~100 cm深度为砂土层,供试作物为玉米。基于土壤基质势,设置5个滴灌灌水下限:-10 kPa(S1),-20 kPa(S2),-30 kPa(S3),-40 kPa(S4)和-50 kPa(S5)。结果表明夹砂层显著影响土壤水盐运移。0~60 cm根层含水量较低,而砂层较高;土壤盐分受水分影响,更多聚集在砂层。灌水下限显著影响土壤水盐分布和各层储量,下限越高,根层土壤含水量越高、含盐量越低,而砂层及以下处理间差异不显著。S1、S2和S3处理玉米籽粒产量显著高于S4和S5(P<0.05),且前三者之间差异不显著,S3水分利用效率最高。因此,针对河套灌区夹砂层农田,建议膜下滴灌灌水下限为-30 kPa。【Objective】Sand-layered soil is widely distributed in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia,and its water and salt migration processes are more complicated than that in a homogeneous soil.Therefore,this study was designed to investigate the effects of different thresholds of drip irrigation on water and salt re-distribution in a sand-layered soil profile and on crop growth and water use.【Method】A two-year field experiment was conducted in a sand-layered soil field at the Hetao Irrigation District during spring maize growing seasons in 2017 and 2018.For this soil profile,the depth between 60-100 cm was sand-layer.The experiment included 5 irrigation thresholds under mulched drip irrigation,which controlled the threshold values of soil matric potential(SMP)at-10 kPa(S1),-20 kPa(S2),-30 kPa(S3),-40 kPa(S4),and-50 kPa(S5)respectively,for spring maize planting.The soil volumetric water content,water storage,salt distribution and storage in 0-120 cm soil profile,and maize grain yield and water use efficiency were analyzed.【Result】The presence of sand layer affected the water and salt movement in the soil profile.This resulted in a significant difference in the vertical distribution of water and salt in the soil profile.The soil volumetric water content was relatively lower in the root layer between 0-60 cm depth,but higher in the sand layer between 60-100 cm depth.The soil volumetric water content in the sand layer was always kept around the level of field water capacity during maize’s growing seasons.Due to the water movement in the soil profile,more salt was concentrated in the sand layer.The abrupt transition points of distribution of water and salt in the profile appeared at an upper boundary of the sand layer.These distribution characteristics of water and salt were consistent during different growth periods.Besides,different thresholds of drip irrigation significantly affected the distribution and storage of soil moisture and salinity in different soil layers.At higher soil volumetric wate

关 键 词：夹砂层 土壤水势 膜下滴灌 根区水盐环境 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] S275[农业科学—农业基础科学]