长江下游地区水肥一体化对设施番茄氮肥利用率及氨挥发的影响  

Effects of Fertigation on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Ammonia Volatilization in Greenhouse Tomato Cultivation in Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：王远[1] 许纪元 潘云枫 赵冬青 杨东平 巨昇容 闵炬[1] 施卫明[1] WANG Yuan;XU Jiyuan;PAN Yunfeng;ZHAO Dongqing;YANG Dongping;JU Shengrong;MIN Ju;SHI Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Yixing Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yixing,Jiangsu 214206,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]宜兴市农业农村局,江苏宜兴214206

出　　处：《土壤学报》2022年第3期776-785,共10页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800204);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010701);太湖水污染治理省级专项资金科研课题(TH2018305)共同资助。

摘　　要：长江下游地区设施菜地面源污染问题突出、劳动力紧缺,亟需节工、增效且环境友好的施肥技术;水肥一体化滴灌施肥在北方设施蔬菜生产上得到广泛应用,而应用在长江下游地区后对氮肥利用率及氨挥发的影响如何,尚不明确。采用田间小区试验对设施番茄滴灌施肥后的氮肥利用率、土壤氨挥发和速效氮(铵态氮和硝态氮)残留等指标进行了系统观测和分析。结果表明:在相同施氮量下,相比传统肥料撒施方式,滴灌施肥可使氮肥利用率由23.92%提高至40.89%,全生育期氨挥发累积量由37.25 kg·hm^(-2)减少至3.07 kg·hm^(-2),氨挥发损失率由16.56%减少至1.36%,显著减少了31.85%的土壤硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)残留量。本研究为设施菜地水肥一体化技术在长江下游地区的推广应用提供了科学依据。【Objective】Greenhouse vegetable production in China has played an important role in ensuring market vegetable supply and increasing the income of farmers.As in the greenhouse vegetable production,a high rate of fertilizer was applied,the production brings about a series of environmental problems,such as soil degradation and increased risk of greenhouse gas emission,which undermines the sustainability of the greenhouse vegetable production.In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the problem of non-point source pollution and labor shortage the greenhouse vegetable production faces are prominent.It has become an urgent need to have some labor-saving,efficiency-enhancing,and environment-friendly fertilization techniques.Fertigation is a technology that can save both water and fertilizer,improve fertilizer utilization efficiency,and reduce greenhouse gas emission.Fertigation is mainly applied in greenhouses in the water-deficient areas in North China,and no so common in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.So little is available in the literature about the effects of fertigation on emission reduction and efficiency improvement in this area.【Method】In this study,a field experiment,designed to have three treatments,i.e.CK(no N fertilizer applied),SF(chemical fertilizer broadcast)and DF(fertigation),was conducted in Yixing,Jiangsu.Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)was grown in a row of plastic greenhouses.In Treatment SF,chemical fertilizer was broadcast three times,one base application and two topdressings,making up a total of 225 kg·hm^(-2) nitrogen(N),and in Treatment DF,225 kg·hm^(-2) fertilizer was divided into five portions applied with irrigation separately as topdressing.Then,yield,N use efficiency,ammonia volatilization rate,and soil soluble N were measured for each treatment and systematically analyzed.【Result】Results show that fertigation significantly improved N use efficiency,and reduced soil ammonia volatilization rate and cumulative ammonia emissions,as compared with the treatment with fertiliz

关 键 词：水肥一体化 设施蔬菜 氮肥利用率 氨挥发 增效减排 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S641[农业科学—蔬菜学]