2018-2020年北京市大兴区托幼儿童和学生水痘病例流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella among kindergarten children and students in Daxing district of Beijing,2018-2020

作　　者：吕庆伟[1] 丁露露 侯文俊[1] 高艳青[1] 宋新[1] 李志平 LÜQing-wei;DING Lu-lu;HOU Wen-jun;GAO Yan-qing;SONG Xin;LI Zhi-ping(Daxing District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市大兴区疾病预防控制中心,102600

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2022年第4期248-251,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的分析2018-2020年北京市大兴区托幼儿童和学生水痘病例流行病学特征,为制定防控策略和措施提供数据支持。方法收集2018-2020年北京市大兴区托幼儿童和学生水痘病例信息,采用卡方检验比较不同组间流行病学特征的差异。结果2018-2020年北京市大兴区托幼儿童和学生水痘病例数分别为438例、388例和167例,发病高峰为4-6月及10-12月,小学病例构成最多(32.33%),各年份大学病例构成比分别为15.07%、21.39%和24.55%。水痘病例中61.73%为有免疫史者,有免疫史者与无免疫史者的发热比例比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.821,P=0.044),出疹比例比较,差异有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法,P=0.022)。所有病例中,发病后2 d及以上就诊者占58.21%;未在发病当天或发病前停课者占43.41%。结论2018-2020年北京市大兴区托幼儿童和学生水痘发病呈下降趋势,时间分布整体呈现双峰分布;有免疫史者较无免疫史者临床症状轻微;水痘疫情防控中,托幼机构和学校应落实主体责任,避免造成校内传播。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella among kindergarten children and students in Daxing district of Beijing from 2018 to 2020,and to provide reference for controlling the outbreak and epidemic of varicella.Methods The epidemiological characteristics analysis was conducted in varicella cases among kindergarten children and students in Daxing district,Beijing from 2018 to 2020,and the differences in epidemiological characteristics of different groups were compared using chi-square test.Results From 2018 to 2020,the number of varicella cases among childcare children and students in Daxing district,Beijing,was 438,388 and 167 respectively.The peak of the incidence was from April to June and October to December.The largest proportion of cases was in primary school(32.33%),and the proportion of cases in university was 15.07%,21.39%and 24.55%in each year,respectively.Vaccination was administered in 61.73%of cases,with a statistical difference in the proportion of fever(χ2=9.821,P=0.044)and rash(Fisher’s exact test,P=0.022)between those vaccinated and those unvaccinated.Of all the cases,58.21%went to the doctor for 2 days or more after the onset of the disease,and 43.41%were still in class on the day of or before the onset of the disease.Conclusions From 2018 to 2020,the incidence of varicella in kindergarten children and students in Daxing district,Beijing,showed a downward trend,with two peak incidences per year,and the vaccinated have milder clinical symptoms than the unvaccinated.In the prevention and control of varicella,the main responsibility in kindergartens and schools needs to be further implemented to avoid intra-school transmission.

关 键 词：托幼儿童和学生 水痘 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]