我国煤矿瓦斯灾害超前大区域精准防控技术体系及展望  

Analysis and prospect of precise prevention and control technical system ahead of large areas and time for gas disasters in China

作　　者：刘程[1,2] 孙东玲 武文宾[1,2] 李良伟 孙中光[1,2] LIU Cheng;SUN Dongling;WU Wenbin;LI Liangwei;SUN Zhongguang(State Key Laboratory of the Gas Disaster Detecting,Preventing and Emergency Controlling,Chongqing 400037,China;China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute,Chongqing 400039,China)

机构地区：[1]瓦斯灾害监控与应急技术国家重点实验室,重庆400037 [2]中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司,重庆400039

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2022年第8期82-92,共11页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业资金专项重点项目(2022-2-TD-ZD008)。

摘　　要：为满足煤矿自动化、智能化生产的快速发展及区域防突的迫切需求,推动煤矿大区域瓦斯灾害治理技术体系发展,针对传统煤层钻孔瓦斯抽采技术“钻不深、抽不出、检不了”等技术难题,系统分析近年来定向钻进、地面井、分段水力压裂、深孔取样、随钻探测等技术与装备在各大矿区不同地质条件下的应用效果。结果表明:目前已形成了基于大区域超前随钻地质勘探及预测、大区域地面及井下瓦斯抽采、非接触式连续在线动态预测等关键技术组成的煤矿瓦斯大区域治理技术体系,为推动煤层瓦斯治理技术的升级变革,实现不用或少用专用瓦斯治理巷道综合治理煤矿大区域瓦斯的目的奠定了基础。最后指出未来将发展核磁探测、伽马、雷达、深孔光纤等探测技术,以实现煤岩及地质异常体识别、瓦斯参数精确测定;发展地面水平井体积压裂高效开发及井上下联合增渗等技术,以提升井上下联合预抽效果;发展区域化超大流量压裂泵组或压裂工厂、连续油管压裂等技术与装备,以提升煤矿井下区域化增渗效果;发展风险信息融合感知、突出前兆特征智能识别、瓦斯超限预警等技术,以实现区域连续精准预测及智能预报警。To meet the rapid development of coal mine automation and intelligent production and the urgent need for rapid prevention and regional management outburst,and to promote the development of the gas disaster control techno-logy system in large areas of coal mines,this paper aims to solve the problem of traditional coal seam drilling gas drain-age technology,which is“not deep enough to be drilled and cannot be pumped out and cannot be tested.”It analyzes the application effects of technical equipment such as directional drilling,surface wells,staged hydraulic fracturing,deep hole sampling,and detection while drilling in various geological conditions in major mining areas over the past few years.A large-area control technology system for coal mine gas has been formed based on key technologies such as large-area advanced-while-drilling geological exploration and prediction,large-area surface and underground gas drainage,and non-contact continuous online dynamic prediction.The upgrading and transformation of coal mines has laid the foundation for the realization of the purpose of comprehensively controlling gas in large areas of coal mines without or less use of special gas treatment tunnels.Finally,it is concluded out that detection technologies such as nuclear magnet-ic detection,gamma,radar,and deep-hole optical fiber will be developed in the future to realize the identification of coal,rock and geological anomalies,and accurate measurement of gas parameters.technology to enhance the combined pre-pumping effect of up and down wells;develop regional ultra-large-flow fracturing pump sets or fracturing plants coiled tubing fracturing and other technologies and equipment to enhance the regional permeation enhancement effect in coal mines;develop risk information fusion perception and highlight precursors Features intelligent identification,gas over-limit warning and other technologies are used to achieve continuous and accurate regional prediction and intelli-gent early warning.

关 键 词：瓦斯灾害 精准防控体系 超前大区域 预测预警 展望 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]