藏族的体质类型和人种学特征  

Physical types and ethnological characteristics of Tibetans

作　　者：李咏兰[1,3,4] 宇克莉 张兴华[2] 包金萍[5] 李翀[2] 郑连斌 LI Yonglan;YU Keli;ZHANG Xinghua;BAO Jinping;LI Chong;ZHENG Lianbin(College of Life Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity,College of Life Sciences,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387;College of Ethnology and Anthropology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022;Key Laboratory of Biodiversity conservation and Sustainable utilization for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010022;College of physical education,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022 [2]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津市动物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,天津300387 [3]内蒙古师范大学民族学人类学学院,呼和浩特010022 [4]内蒙古自治区高等学校生物多样性保护与可持续利用重点实验室,呼和浩特010022 [5]天津师范大学体育学院,天津300387

出　　处：《人类学学报》2022年第4期698-711,共14页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划战略性科技创新合作项目(2020YFE0201600);国家自然科学基金重点项目(30830062);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31271283,31460270,31671245,31771329,32071183);科技部基础工作专项(2015FY111700)。

摘　　要：藏族的体质类型和人种学特征一直受到学术界的关注。2018-2021年,我们测量了1530例卫藏、康巴和安多三个藏族人群的体质数据,统计结果发现,藏族男性、女性均为超中等身材,体质量超重,均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、中鼻型、中躯干型、宽胸型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型、中腿型,多有上眼睑皱褶,有内眦褶。对中国15个族群测量指标均数的主成分分析显示,藏族与东亚类型的汉族位点距离近于多数北亚类型族群,更近于多数南亚类型族群。藏族数据与国外资料中的东亚、南亚、北亚、北极类型数据的主成分分析结果显示,藏族与东亚类型位点最为接近。研究证实,当代藏族具有东亚蒙古人种类型的体质特征。The physique types and ethnological characteristics of Tibetans have always been concerned by academia.According to the statistics of 1530 cases of Weizang Tibetan,Kham Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan measured in 2018,2019 and 2021,it was found that Tibetan men and women were all super-medium stature,overweight,and all brachycephaly,hypsicephalic,metriocephalic,mesorrhiny,middle trunk,wide chest,wide shoulders,wide pelvis,mesatiskelic,most of them have eyefold of upper eyelid and mongoloid fold.Analysis of the average principal component of 15 Chinese ethnic measurement indicators shows that the location between Tibetans and Han ethnic group of the East Asian is closer than most of North Asian ethnic groups,and the location of Tibetans is closer to most South Asian ethnic groups.The main component analysis chart of East Asian,South Asian,North Asian and Arctic type data in Tibetan data and foreign data shows that Tibetans are the closest to East Asian-type.Research has confirmed that contemporary Tibetans have the characteristics of Mongolian East Asian-type constitution.

关 键 词：藏族 体质 人种学 蒙古 

分 类 号：Q984[生物学—人类学]