旧石器和古人类遗址释光测年技术的可靠性和测年上限  

Reliability and upper age limit of luminescence dating for the Paleolithic and paleoanthropological sites

作　　者：张家富[1] ZHANG Jiafu(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《人类学学报》2022年第4期712-730,共19页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071003)。

摘　　要：释光测年技术已成为旧石器和古人类遗址,尤其是现代人类遗址,建立年代框架的重要工具之一。这一技术提供了现代人类出现在非洲、亚洲和澳大利亚的最早年代证据。本文简要介绍了释光测年的基本原理,对释光测年的可靠性和上限及所受的影响因素进行了综述。光释光测年的精密度(相对标准误差σ)一般为5%-10%,在理想条件下σ<5%,但是σ>10%的情况也不少见。与大量其他测年方法所获结果的一致性表明,光释光测年技术是可靠的。光释光测年的上限与样品的释光性质及环境剂量率有关,释光可靠年龄最大可达1百万年。对大多数遗址50万年的测年上限是可行的,这个年代范围涵盖了所有的现代人遗址。不同样品或颗粒间的释光性质差异很大,因而它们有不同的测年上限。同一样品中钾长石比石英有更高的测年上限,同一矿物中不同的释光信号对应的测年上限也不同。The development of the luminescence dating technique has made it one of the important dating tools for c onstructing the chronological framework of Paleolithic and palaeoanthropological sites,especially those related to modern humans.It has provided the earliest evidence for the appearance of modern humans in Africa,Asia,and Australia.Therefore,this dating method has attracted extensive attention from Paleolithic archaeologists and paleoanthropologists,especially on the reliability and upper age limit for this dating technique.Luminescence dating materials are ubiquitous quartz or potassium feldspar grains within archaeological deposits,which makes it to date any archaeological sites.In this paper,the basic principle of luminescence dating is briefly introduced,and its reliability and upper age limit,as well as their influencing factors,are reviewed.Literature data show that the precision(e.g.,the relative standard error)of luminescence age is mainly related to the physical properties of dated samples and dose rates.The relative standard error(σ)of luminescence age is generally 5%-10%,but it could be<5% under some ideal conditions and sometimes>10% for some samples.A large number of studies have shown that luminescence ages are consistent with independent ages obtained from other dating methods,indicating that this technique is reliable and can be used to build the robust chronology of Paleolithic sites.The upper age limit of luminescence dating is determined by the luminescence properties of dated samples and environmental dose rates.At some sites,reliable luminescence ages up to 1 Ma have been obtained.The upper dating limit of 500 ka is feasible for sediment samples from the majority of Paleolithic sites,and this age range covers the entire period of modern humans.It should be noted that the luminescence properties of sediment samples vary widely from location to location,from sample to sample,and even from grain to grain.The most important of these properties include the stability of luminescence signals and

关 键 词：旧石器考古遗址 释光测年 释光年龄的可靠性 释光测年的上限 

分 类 号：P597[天文地球—地球化学]