国家动物与国家意识:威廉·布莱克的狮虎志  

State Animal and National Consciousness:William Blake’s Allegorical Representation of Lion and Tyger

作　　者：曾静 Zeng Jing

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学英语学院

出　　处：《英语文学研究》2022年第1期25-37,共13页Journal of Literature in English

基　　金：重庆市教育委员会人文社科研究项目“英国诗人威廉·布莱克的生命政治研究”(18SKGH053);北京市教委社科一般项目“英国浪漫主义时期动物诗歌研究”(SM202010028002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为英国浪漫主义文学的先驱,威廉·布莱克的不少作品都折射出比较明显的时代精神。大量宗教的、神秘主义的内容体现在其诸如《虎》的这类短诗和多首长诗中,引得不少评论家对之做出深度阐发,树立了他是“来自天堂的陌生人”的先知地位,这样的评价有助于其诗作的经典化,但同时也会带来同质化和过度简化的问题。本文拟借助吉尔·德勒兹的国家动物论来剖析布莱克诗作中的狮、虎形象,探讨国家(民族)主义意识在布莱克诗学创作中的具体表现,以期说明狮与虎之间的对峙和角力实质上反映的是国与国的冲突和矛盾,布莱克意欲借此来劝诫英国的宗教、政治和社会团体达成宽容、谅解的共识,以国家大局为重,形成一种阿尔比昂内部共生共存的民族凝聚力,以抗衡外部潜在的敌对势力,体现出布莱克的家国情怀。William Blake,anticipating Romanticism that is to overwhelm the realm of literature in Britain,created works that noticeably reflect the zeitgeist of his time.A cornucopia of religious and mystical contents found in poems like“The Tyger”and in almost all his prophetic poems have inspired critics to conduct ever deepening interpretations,which establishes him as a prophet and a seemingly“stranger from paradise”.However,this paper attempts to negotiate with existent claims,apprehensive of their homogeneity and oversimplification,with the intention to argue that nationalism is also at work in Blakean poetics,whose exemplification can be found in his rendition of lion and tiger by consulting Gilles Deleuze’s theory of State Animal,the binary opposition between the two animals shows real international conflicts and clashes.Through such allusions,Blake shows his patriotic care for his people and his ambition to admonish religious,political and other groups in Britain to agree on tolerance and forgiveness,to the greater purpose of forging national unity in defense against potential threats from without.

关 键 词：威廉·布莱克 国家意识 国家动物 政治寓言 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]