Review of wax sedimentations prediction models for crude-oil transportation pipelines  

作　　者：Ballo Mwendapole Lonje Gang Liu 

机构地区：[1]College of Pipelines and Civil Engineering,China University of Petroleum East China,Qingdao,266580,China

出　　处：《Petroleum Research》2022年第2期220-235,共16页石油研究（英文）

基　　金：the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number 51704319 and 51574274].

摘　　要：Wax sedimentation in pipelines is a severe crude oil production and transportation challenge.Pipeline surface roughness is experienced at the early stages of the problem;with time,the effective pipe cross-sectional area is reduced due to pipeline wax plugging,causing pumping pressure increase,equipment failures,and blockages,resulting in unnecessary downtime costs and pipeline abandonments in the worst situation.This paper reviews mathematical and experimental loops models used for pipeline solid wax predictions and calculations as functions of pressure,temperature,and fluid composition;by assessing model's Assumptions,strengths and weaknesses.It is found that most mathematical models applied molecular-diffusion mechanisms in modeling and neglected shear effects;which resulted in wax over-prediction.Experimental loop was time-consuming due to mounting and dismounting of test section during wax deposition measurements;our modification has included sensor-integration to detect,measure,and analyze wax deposition;Reliable wax predictions models are essential to properly design pipelines and adopt cost-effective strategies for wax deposition prevention,control,and removal.

关 键 词：Prediction models Experimental loops Mathematical models Wax sedimentation Wax appearance temperature 

分 类 号：TE832[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]