新疆阿勒泰地区早期铁器时代铜器的科学分析研究  

Scientific analysis and research on early Iron Age bronzes in Altay Prefecture,Xinjiang

作　　者：刘成[1,2,3] 刘杨幸和[1] 卓娅·巴合提 郑颉 LIU Cheng;LIU Yangxinghe;Zoya Bahati;ZHENG Jie(China-Central Asia“the Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research(Northwest University),Xi’an 710127,China;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation(Northwest University),Ministry of Education,Xi’an 710127,China;School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Altay Prefecture Museum,Altay 836500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国-中亚人类与环境“一带一路”联合实验室(西北大学),陕西西安710127 [2]文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室(西北大学),陕西西安710127 [3]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127 [4]阿勒泰地区博物馆,新疆阿勒泰836500

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2022年第4期10-20,共11页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目资助(2020YFC1522001)。

摘　　要：阿勒泰地区位于新疆的最北端,与欧亚草原之间存在丰富的文化交流,而冶金技术的发展与人类文明紧密相关,为探究新疆阿勒泰地区的冶金发展情况,选取9件草原游牧文化的代表性器物--铜鍑和马具,使用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪及双通道电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,对16个样品进行金相组织分析和成分分析,并探讨其制作技术特征。研究发现阿勒泰地区的早期铁器时代铜器普遍采用范铸工艺,其成分主要为红铜、砷铜、铅砷青铜。该分析结果为研究新疆阿勒泰地区的冶金发展提供了重要参考。Located in the northernmost part of Xinjiang,Altay Prefecture boasts rich cultural exchanges with the Eurasian Steppes.Since the development of metallurgical technology is closely related to the beginning of human civilization,we selected nine artifacts-bronze Fu(cauldrons)and harnesses-representing nomadic cultures as research objects,in order to explore the metallurgical development of Altay Prefecture.The metallographic structure and composition of 16 samples were analyzed using metallographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS)and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).Technical characteristics of their production are discussed in the paper.It was found that the casting process was generally adopted for the early Iron Age bronzes in Altay Prefecture,and their components are mainly pure copper,arsenic-copper and lead-arsenic-bronze.The results provide an important reference for the research on the metallurgical development in Altay Prefecture,Xinjiang.

关 键 词：新疆阿勒泰 铜鍑 成分分析 金相组织 

分 类 号：K879[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K876.41[历史地理—历史学]