民法典视野下欺诈性抚养纠纷的困境破解——基于197份裁判文书的实证分析  

Solving the Dilemma of Fraudulent Parenting Disputes from the Perspective of Civil Code

作　　者：王浩然 Wang Haoran

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2022年第4期63-75,共13页Law-Based Society

基　　金：2022年江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“强制执行法典化背景下债权执行制度研究”(项目编号:KYCX22_0016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：实证研究表明,欺诈性抚养纠纷在实务中呈快速增长态势。细致分析197份判决书,发现该类纠纷在法概念释义、法规范援引和法效果考量上都存在论证不足,导致存在抚养人损害赔偿的困境和亲子关系否认的困境。损害赔偿困境的破解之道在于,首先厘清欺诈性抚养的概念内涵及适用范围,其次确定抚养人的身份权保护作为请求权基础,将其纳入《民法典》的身份权保护体系,最后依据比例原则计算损害赔偿范围。亲子关系否认困境的破解之道,在于进一步完善《民法典》第一千零七十三条初步构建的婚生子女否认制度,包括建立作为逻辑前提的亲子关系推定制度,确定婚生子女否认之诉的适用前提、适格原告和诉讼时效,妥善处理抚养人权益救济与未成年婚生子女利益之间的平衡。Empirical research shows that fraudulent parenting disputes are growing rapidly in practice.Based on a detailed analysis of 197 judgments,it is found that there are insufficient arguments in the interpretation of the concept of law,the citation of legal norms and the consideration of legal effect,which leads to the dilemma of damages for dependants and the denial of parent-child relationship.The way to solve the dilemma of damage compensation is to first clarify the concept connotation and scope of application of fraudulent parenting,then determine the protection of the identity right of the dependant as the basis of the claim,incorporate it into the identity right protection system of the civil code,and finally calculate the scope of damage compensation according to the principle of proportion.The way to solve the dilemma of denial of parent-child relationship lies in further improving the system of denial of legitimate children initially constructed in article 1073 of the civil code,including establishing the system of presumption of parent-child relationship as the logical premise,determining the applicable premise,qualified plaintiff and limitation of action of denial of legitimate children,and properly handling the balance between the rights and interests relief of dependants and the interests of minor legitimate children.

关 键 词：欺诈性抚养 民法典 损害赔偿 身份权 婚生子女否认 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]