汉语植物名称结构的共时特征与历时演化——基于汉语植物学名的计量考察  被引量:1

Synchronic Characteristics and Diachronic Development of Structures of Chinese Plant Names——A Quantitative Study of Chinese Plant Names

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作  者:曾亚 姚素华 ZENG Ya;YAO Su hua(School of English,Hunan College of Foreign Studies,Changsha,Hunan,410203;School of General Education,Hunan Institute of Information Technology,Changsha,Hunan,410151)

机构地区:[1]湖南外国语职业学院英语学院,湖南长沙410203 [2]湖南信息学院通识教育学院,湖南长沙410151

出  处:《贵州师范学院学报》2022年第8期1-9,共9页Journal of Guizhou Education University

基  金:湖南省教育厅科学研究项目“概念隐喻视域下科技词语的认知研究——以植物科学分类词为例”(20A350)。

摘  要:现代汉语植物名称以复合词为主,在词义层面承载着区别、指示、类属三类意义。根据义素与语素的对应关系,汉语植物名称存在多种结构类型,其中大多缺省一类或两类语素,指示语素是缺省的优先选择。汉语植物名称结构的变化与发展既体现了汉语词汇发展的内部规律,又留下了植物分类和命名法则发展的烙印。演化过程中,植物名称词长不断增加,内部结构和意义由综合型向分析型发展,短音节词通过类属语义的内容和层级变化,以区别语素或者类属语素的形式参与构成更长音节的植物词,逐步形成汉语植物词演化的独特机制。Modern Chinese plant names are mainly compound words,which perform three semantic functions:distinction,indication and genus.According to the corresponding relationship between sememes and morphemes,there are many structural types of plant names,most of which lack one or two types of morpheme and indicating morphemes are the priority of default.The change and development of Chinese plant name structures not only reflect the internal rules of the development of Chinese vocabulary,but also leaves the imprint of the development of plant classification and naming rules.In this process,the length of plant names keeps increasing,and the internal structure develops from comprehensive to analytical type.Through the changes of semantic content and level,short syllable words participate in the word formation of longer syllable words plant in the form of distinguishing morphemes or generic morphemes,gradually forming the unique development mechanism of Chinese plant words.

关 键 词:汉语植物名称 结构特征 历时演化 计量考察 

分 类 号:H03[语言文字—语言学]

 

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