自然老化和人工老化对燕麦种子萌发特性及遗传完整性的影响  

Effects of Natural Aging and Artificial Aging on Germination Characteristics and Genetic Integrity of Oat Seeds

作　　者：黄颖 刘欢[1] 赵桂琴[1] 王绮玉 罗建民 姚瑞瑞 HUANG Ying;LIU Huan;ZHAO Gui-qin;WANG Qi-yu;LUO Jian-min;YAO Rui-rui(College of Pratacultural,Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of GrasslandEcosystem,Ministry of Education/SinoU.S.Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou,Gansu Provicne 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草地学报》2022年第8期2066-2074,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA824);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-08-C);农业部牧草种质资源与保护利用项目(NB08-2130135)资助。

摘　　要：为研究自然老化(2~8年)和人工老化(温度45℃,相对湿度95%,24~96 h)对燕麦种子活力和遗传完整性的影响,比较两种老化方法的差异,本试验以皮燕麦(Avena sativa L.)‘陇燕3号’和裸燕麦(Avena nuda L.)‘白燕2号’为供试材料,研究种子活力、细胞膜透性和遗传完整性的变化情况。结果表明:随着老化程度的加深,燕麦种子发芽率、活力指数和遗传相似系数均有所下降,电导率升高;ISSR-PCR共检测出108个位点,多态性位点百分率达78.70%,遗传相似系数在0.5045~0.9730之间;与自然老化相比,人工老化群体的遗传参数明显降低,人工老化96 h的燕麦与未老化燕麦的遗传相似系数仅为0.6812,遗传完整性被破坏,应试燕麦种质的临界发芽率在79.50%~84.00%之间。人工老化对2种燕麦种质遗传物质的损伤比自然老化更大,‘陇燕3号’比‘白燕2号’更耐贮藏,且2个燕麦品种的贮藏时间均不宜超过6年。To study the effects of natural aging(2~8 years)and artificial aging(45℃,relative humidity 95%,24~96 h)on seed vigor and genetic integrity of oat(Avena L.),and compare the difference between the two aging methods.Hulled oat‘Long Yan No.3’(Avena sativa L.)and naked oat‘Bai Yan No.2’were used in this experiment as the test materials to study the changes in seed vigor,cell membrane permeability,and genetic integrity.The results showed that with the increase in aging degree,the germination rate,vigor index,and genetic similarity coefficient of oat seeds decreased,and the electrical conductivity increased.A total of 108 loci were detected by ISSR-PCR,with the percentage of polymorphic loci reaching 78.70%and the genetic similarity coefficient between 0.5045 and 0.9730.Compared with natural aging,the genetic parameters of the artificial aging population were significantly reduced.The genetic integrity was destroyed because the genetic similarity coefficient between artificial aging 96 h oats and non-aging control was only 0.681.The critical germination rate of oat germplasm was 79.50%~84.00%.In summary,artificial aging had greater damage to the genetic materials of the two oat germplasms than natural aging,and‘Long Yan No.3’was more resistant to storage than‘Bai Yan No.2’,and the storage time of the two oat varieties should not exceed 6 years.

关 键 词：燕麦 种子老化 种子活力 遗传完整性 ISSR分子标记 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]