生物有机肥配施对节水灌溉稻田养分累积及水稻生长的影响  

Effects of combined application of bio-organic fertilizer on nutrient accumulation and rice growth in water-saving irrigated paddy fields

作　　者：韩正砥 周明耀[1] 杨雅琴 姚显紫 侯会静 HAN Zhengdi;ZHOU Mingyao;YANG Yaqin;YAO Xianzi;HOU Huijing(College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Pudong New District River Management Center,Shanghai 201299,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]上海市浦东新区河道管理事务中心,上海201299

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2022年第4期210-216,共7页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400201)。

摘　　要：为探讨稻田生物有机肥与化肥合理的配施模式,通过试验研究了不同比例的生物有机肥与化肥配施对节水灌溉稻田土壤有效养分累积、水稻生长及产量等影响,以确定适宜的肥料配施模式。采用小区试验方法,设置了5个处理:全施化肥(T0)、75%化肥配施25%生物有机肥(T1)、50%化肥配施50%生物有机肥(T2)、25%化肥配施75%生物有机肥(T3)、全施生物有机肥(T4)。观测各处理土壤有效养分累积情况、水稻生长情况以及最终产量。结果表明:各处理收割后土壤有机质含量均有提升,提升幅度为21%~29%,而配施生物有机肥可以明显提升土壤有效磷和速效钾的含量,提升幅度分别为2.1%~18.9%和6.0%~11.7%。与T0处理相比,生物有机肥的施用能够提前水稻的分蘖时间,可使水稻叶面积指数提高13.5%~40.5%,对水稻穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均有提升作用,T3、T4处理中水稻产量分别提高了7.0%和1.7%,尤其是T3处理的最终收益提高显著,达到了8.7%(P<0.05)。可见,25%化肥配施75%生物有机肥对节水灌溉稻田有效养分累积及水稻生长有较好的促进作用。In order to explore a suitable application mode of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer for paddy fields,the effects of application modes with different bio-organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer ratios on effective soil nutrient accumulation,rice growth and yield in water-saving irrigated paddy fields were investigated by plot experiments.Five treatments were set for the observation,including full chemical fertilizer(T0),75%chemical fertilizer with 25%bio-organic fertilizer(T1),50%chemical fertilizer with 50%bio-organic fertilizer(T2),25%chemical fertilizer with 75%bio-organic fertilizer(T3)and full bio-organic fertilizer(T4).The results showed that the soil organic matter content increased after harvest in all treatments,with an increment of 21%-29%;furthermore,the effective phosphorus and fast-acting potassium contents of the soil were increased by 2.1%-18.9%and 6.0%-11.7%,respectively,with the application of bio-organic fertilizer.Compared with the T0 treatment,the application of bio-organic fertilizer advanced the tillering time of rice,improved the leaf area index of rice up to 13.5%-40.5%,and increased the number of grains in the spike,the seed setting rate and the thousand-grain weight of rice.Among the treatments with bio-organic fertilizer,the yield of rice in the T3 and T4 treatments was increased by 7.0%and 1.7%,respectively,and the final benefit of T3 treatment was significantly increased by 8.7%(P<0.05)in particular.It can be seen that the treatment of 25%chemical fertilizer with 75%bio-organic fertilizer has a better promotion effect on the accumulation of effective nutrients and rice growth in water-saving irrigated paddy fields.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 肥料配施 水稻 节水灌溉 生长指标 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]