红碱淖浮游动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系  

Characteristics of Zooplankton Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Hongjiannao Lake

作　　者：白海锋 宋进喜[3] 龙永清 刘刚 张星朗 袁永锋[4] 李引娣[4] BAI Hai-feng;SONG Jin-xi;LONG Yong-qing;LIU Gang;ZHANG Xing-lan;YUAN Yong-feng;LI Yin-di(Shaanxi Insitute of Geo-environment Monitoring,Xi′an 710054,China;Shaanxi Xi′an Observation and Research Station of Ground Fissure and Land Subsidence,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi′an 710054,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity/College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi′an 710127,China;Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Xi′an 710086,China;Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Hydrobiology/College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省地质环境监测总站(陕西省地质灾害中心),陕西西安710054 [2]自然资源部陕西西安地裂缝与地面沉降野外科学观测研究站,陕西西安710054 [3]西北大学城市与环境学院/陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,陕西西安710127 [4]中国水产科学研究院黄河水产研究所(陕西省水产研究所),陕西西安710086 [5]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院/辽宁省水生生物学重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2022年第8期1064-1075,共12页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(12&ZD216-02);农业部黄河中上游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站开放课题(2015SYKF-02)。

摘　　要：为了解红碱淖浮游动物群落结构特征及水质状况,科学保护沙漠湖泊生态健康,于2016-2017年调查了红碱淖浮游动物群落结构和主要水质理化指标,分析了该湖泊浮游动物现存量和多样性的季节变化规律及影响因子。结果表明,红碱淖全年共调查到浮游动物30属35种,种类组成以轮虫为主,占比为41.67%,优势种以小口钟虫(Vorticella microstoma)、唇形叶轮虫(Notholca labis)、虱形大眼溞(Polyphemus pediculus)、蒙古裸腹溞(Moina mongolica)、汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)为主,种类数季节变化表现为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季。浮游动物年平均密度为61.9 L^(-1),变化范围4.2~326.3 L^(-1),年平均生物量为0.193 mg·L^(-1),变化范围为0.001~1.138 mg·L^(-1),浮游动物现存量存在季节差异,呈现出夏季>秋季>冬季>春季的特点。浮游动物Shannon-Weiner多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数年平均值分别为2.040和0.712,多样性呈现出秋冬季高于春夏季。典范对应分析(CCA)显示,水温、电导率和溶解氧浓度是显著影响浮游动物群落分布的主要环境因子。根据生物多样性指数和综合营养状态指数(TLI)水质评价结果表明,红碱淖水质处于中污染状态,水体属轻度富营养类型,水量调控与水质管理对浮游动物群落结构具有较大影响。研究结果可为红碱淖的生态保护及水资源开发利用提供理论参考。For understanding the zooplankton community structure characteristics and the state of the water quality of the Hongjiannao Lake,and to scientifically protect the desert lake ecological health,an investigation of zooplankton community and water environment in Hongjiannao Lake were conducted from 2016 to 2017,and the seasonal variation trend and influencing factors of zooplankton abundance and diversity were analyzed.A total of 35 zooplankton species belonging to 30 genera were identified.The rotifera were dominant in the species composition,with accounting for 41.6%.The main dominant species were Vorticella microstoma,Notholca labis,Polyphemus pediculus,Moina mongolica and Sinocalanus dorrii.The seasonal variation of number of species showed a trend of winter>spring>autumn>summer.The annual density of zooplankton ranged from 4.2 to 326.3 L^(-1) with an average of 61.9 L^(-1),and the annual biomass ranged from 0.001 to 1.138 mg·L^(-1) with an average of 0.193 mg·L^(-1).There was a seasonal difference in zooplankton abundance,showing the characteristics of summer>autumn>winter>spring.The mean value of Shannon-Weiner diversity index and Pielou evenness index were 2.040 and 0.712,respectively,indicating that the diversity in autumn and winter was higher than that in spring and summer.Canonical correspondence analysis show that water temperature,electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen were the main environmental factors that significantly affected zooplankton community distribution.According to the biodiversity index and the comprehensive trophic level index,the results show that the water quality was moderately polluted and slightly eutrophicated in Hongjiannao Lake.The control of water quantity and the management of water quality had great influence on the zooplankton community structure.The results of this study can provide a reference for ecological protection and water resources development in Hongjiannao Lake.

关 键 词：红碱淖 浮游动物 群落结构 水质评价 环境因子 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]