广州市天河区流动人口社区化管理模式现状调查  

Research on Community Management Model of Floating Population in Tianhe District,Guangzhou City

作　　者：肖瑶[1] 陈开举 马力权 樊星星 XIAO Yao;CHEN Kaiju;MA Liquan;FAN Xingxing(不详;Department of Public Health,School of Health Management,Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,511436,China)

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学卫生管理学院公共事业管理系,广东广州511436 [2]广州医科大学公共卫生学院预防医学系,广东广州511436

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2022年第4期455-459,共5页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金博士科研启动项目(2017A030310159)。

摘　　要：目的对广州市天河区流动人口的特征和社区服务利用情况开展调查,分析管理过程中存在的问题和提出合理化建议,以促进科学的流动人口社区化管理模式的形成。方法2019年1—3月在广州市天河区沙河街道、天河南街道等22个街道采用便利抽样法,随机抽取320名流动人口进行社区化管理现状的自填式问卷调查,回收308份有效问卷。结果广州市天河区流动人口对相关管理规定了解程度整体不高,非常了解仅有3.90%;医疗保险的参保率较高为78.90%,参加养老保险的有43.51%,工伤保险有34.09%;接受过社区医疗卫生服务的占比仅34.42%;63.31%没有接受过社区就业服务;53.23%很少参加社区活动,23.70%不参加社区活动;有51.33%的流动人口对社区环境卫生的评价为“一般满意”;仅有31.90%接受过社区子女教育服务。结论广州市天河区流动人口对相关管理规定知晓率低,医疗保险参保率较高但养老工伤保险覆盖度不足,获得社区就业服务支持较少,子女入学较困难,社区融合度低,生活品质一般。政府应对流动人口的社会保障、医疗、就业、居住、教育和社区融合等方面加大投入力度,优化管理模式,保障流动人口的权益,增强其幸福感,构建健康中国。Objective To Investigate the characteristics of the floating population and the utilization of community services in Tianhe district,Guangzhou,analyze the problems in the management process and put forward reasonable suggestions to promote the formation of a scientific community management model of the floating population.Methods From January to March 2019,convenience sampling was used to randomly select 320 floating populations in 22 streets,including Shahe street and Tianhe south,Tianhe district,Guangzhou,to conduct a self-filled questionnaire survey,and 308 valid questionnaires were collected.As a result,the floating population in Tianhe district of Guangzhou cCity did not have a high level of understanding of relevant management regulations,with only 4.00%being very knowledgeable;the participation rate for medical insurance was 78.90%,43.51%for endowment insu-rance,and 34.09%for work injury insurance;Only 34.41%had received community medical and health services;63.31%had not received community employment services;53.23%rarely participated in community activities,23.73%did not participate in community activities;51.33%of the floating population rated community environmental health as"Generally satisfied";only 31.90%had received community education services for children.Conclusion The floating population in Tianhe district,Guangzhou city has a low awareness of relevant management regulations,a high medical insurance participation rate but insufficient pension insurance coverage,less community employment service support,difficulty in enrolling children,low community integration,and low quality of life general.The government should increase investment in social security,medical care,employment,housing,education and community integration of the migrant population,optimize the management model,protect the rights and interests of the migrant population,enhance the sense of happiness,and build a healthy China.

关 键 词：流动人口 社区 管理模式 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学] R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]