油莎草收割机的优化设计与试验  

Optimization design and test of oil sedge harvester

作　　者：何勋[1] 何豪 史景钊[1] 屈哲[1] 吕严柳 王万章[1] HE Xun;HE Hao;SHI Jingzhao;QU Zhe;LÜYanliu;WANG Wanzhang(Mechanical and Electronic Engineering College of Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学机电工程学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2022年第4期543-551,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002602);河南省科技攻关项目(202102110116,212102110217)。

摘　　要：【目的】提高油莎草收割机械化水平,促进油莎草高值化利用。【方法】设计了由拖拉机后输出轴提供动力的集收割与收集作业功能为一体的油莎草收割机,通过理论计算确定了粉碎捡拾装置、螺旋输送装置和抛送通道的主要结构参数。【结果】该油莎草收割机主要结构参数为幅宽1.3 m,割刀类型为L型割刀,双螺旋线排列,共16组32把,轴向距离0.15 m,径向夹角72°;螺旋输送机构中螺旋叶片直径为0.31 m,螺距为0.18 m,风机抛送通道截面为0.25 m×0.25 m,叶轮直径0.5 m。该油莎草收割机在前进速度区间为0.5~1.5 m·s^(-1)时,粉碎合格率及捡拾率变化幅度较小,粉碎合格率为92.13%,捡拾率为88.0%;在前进速度区间为2~2.5 m·s^(-1)时,油莎草收割机的粉碎合格率为88.4%,捡拾率为80.65%。【结论】本研究的油莎草收割机能同时完成油莎草切割、捡拾、抛送及收集作业,降低了作业次数及成本,满足行业标准要求,为油莎草饲料化利用提供了装备支持。【Objective】In order to improve the mechanization level of oil sedge harvesting and promote the high-value utilization of oil sedge,the oil sedge harvester that integrates harvesting and picking operations powered by the tractor’s rear output shaft was designed.【Methods】The main structural parameters of the crushing and picking device,the screw conveying device and the throwing channel were determined through theoretical calculation.【Results】The main structural parameters of the oil sedge harvester was designed with a width of 1.3 m and 16 sets of L-shaped-cutters arranged in a double helix line with the axial distance of 0.15 m and the radial angle of 72;the diameter of spiral blade of screw conveying device was 0.31 m,the pitch was 0.18 m,the section of the fan throwing channel was 0.25 m×0.25 m,and the diameter of impeller was 0.5 m.When the oil sedge harvester speed ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 m·s^(-1),there was little variation range of crushing pass rate(92.13%)and recovery rate(88.0%);while the speed was from 2 to 2.5 m·s^(-1),the crushing pass rate was 88.4%and the recovery rate was 80.65%.【Conclusion】This oil sedge harvester could complete cutting,picking,throwing and collecting operations at the same time,which could reduce the operations times and costs,meet the agricultural industry standard requirements and provide equipment support for promoting the utilization of oil sedge forage.

关 键 词：油莎草 收割机械 粉碎捡拾 螺旋输送 抛送 物料特性 

分 类 号：S225.8[农业科学—农业机械化工程]