豫北潮土区大豆产量的施磷效应分析  

Effects of phosphorus application on soybean yield in tidal soil region of northern Henan Province

作　　者：韩本高 李岚涛 周琦 冀昊言 赵剑 赵士诚[2] 王宜伦[1] HAN Bengao;LI Lantao;ZHOU Qi;JI Haoyan;ZHAO Jian;ZHAO Shicheng;WANG Yilun(College of Resource and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450002 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2022年第4期561-567,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD02010016)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨大豆施磷效应,为豫北潮土区大豆合理施磷提供依据。【方法】采用2 a田间试验,研究施磷(P_(2)O_(5))量(0、40、80、120和160 kg·hm^(-2))对大豆产量、地上部生物量、磷素积累量、磷肥利用效率及经济效益的影响。【结果】施磷显著增产13.57%~26.29%,地上部生物量提高4.89%~23.77%,秸秆和籽粒磷素积累量平均增幅为20.26%~43.41%和15.19%~39.83%。大豆磷肥利用率分别以施磷80和40 kg·hm^(-2)最优,平均分别为27.86%和26.90%,农学效率平均分别为9.69和12.97 kg·kg^(-1)。纯收益分别以施磷120和80 kg·hm^(-2)最高,较不施磷增收7605.02和2489.02元·hm^(-2),经济最佳施磷量分别为123.55和70.89 kg·hm^(-2)。【结论】优化施磷可显著提高豫北潮土区大豆产量和纯收益,推荐施磷量为80~120 kg·hm^(-2),正常年份施磷量适当高些,多雨年份施磷量适当低些。【Objective】The effect of phosphorus application on soybean was discussed to provide theoretical basis for rational phosphorus application in northern Henan Province.【Method】A 2 a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of phosphorus P_(2)O_(5) application rates(0,40,80,120 and 160 kg·hm^(-2))on soybean yield,above-ground biomass,phosphorus accumulation,phosphorus use efficiency and economic benefit.【Result】P application significantly increased yield by 13.57%-26.29%,aboveground biomass by 4.89%-23.77%,phosphorus accumulation of straw and grain by 20.26%-43.41%and 15.19%-39.83%on average.The optimal phosphorus utilization rate of soybean was 80 and 40 kg·hm^(-2),with an average of 27.86%and 26.90%,respectively,and the average agricultural efficiency was 9.69 and 12.97 kg·kg^(-1),respectively.The net income of soybean was the highest with the P application of 120 and 80 kg·hm^(-2),which increased by 7605.02 and 2489.02 yuan·hm^(-2) compared with that without P application,respectively.When the economic was optimal,the P application amount of soybean was 123.55 and 70.89 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.【Conclusion】Optimizing phosphorus application can significantly improve soybean yield and net income in fluvo-aquic soil area in northern Henan.The recommended phosphorus application rate is 80-120 kg·hm^(-2),with appropriate higher P application level in normal years and lower P application level in rainy years.

关 键 词：大豆 施磷量 产量 磷素积累 磷肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]